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https://www.golddressingagent.com/, https://www.fknmed.com/Mining-Lab-supplies/

FKN PANDA, 2512, Unit 1, Huaqiao Square, No. 1, Daqiao North Road, Jiangbei New District, Nanjing (2026)

22/08/2026

PANDA984N Aldoxime-Ketoxime Blended Copper Extractant for SX-EW Recovery | LIX984N Equivalent

Application Scope

PANDA984N extractant (LIX984N Equivalent) is a high-performance blended oxime copper extractant combining aldoxime and ketoxime components, specifically optimized for industrial copper extraction from complex acidic leach solutions with high impurity levels. It is mainly applied in solvent extraction and electrowinning (SX-EW) processes for low-grade copper oxide ore, mixed copper ore, and multi-metal associated copper resources containing high iron and miscellaneous impurities.

By integrating the strong copper extraction capability of aldoxime with the stripping stability of ketoxime, PANDA984N maintains efficient copper ion transfer in challenging acidic systems while reducing excessive impurity co-extraction. Its balanced extraction and stripping characteristics support stable copper enrichment and consistent cathode copper production in continuous hydrometallurgical operations.

With stable loading performance, good anti-decomposition capability, and reliable organic phase circulation characteristics, PANDA984N is suitable for long-cycle operation in high-impurity copper processing environments. It helps reduce operational instability caused by complex leaching conditions and supports continuous SX-EW production performance.

As a secondary industrial application, PANDA984N functions as a precision purification reagent for nickel and cobalt hydrometallurgy. It removes trace copper impurities from acidic nickel-cobalt leach solutions and assists in improving the purity of final nickel and cobalt products used in advanced material and battery-related industries.

PANDA984N does not have mature commercial application value in lithium, tungsten-molybdenum, tantalum-niobium, platinum group metals, or scattered metal processing. These non-industrial scenarios are not involved in formal smelting production.

06/08/2026

FKN PANDA Copper Solvent Extraction Reagents Selection Guide

1. PANDA984N

Reference Grade: LIX984N
Component: Ketoxime + Aldoxime blended extractant with optimized modifiers

Application: Global general‑purpose copper SX‑EW extractant, suitable for mainstream oxide copper heap leaching and agitation leaching operations in DRC, Zambia, Chile and Peru.

Advantages: Balanced extraction capacity and chemical stability, excellent Cu‑Fe selectivity, stable phase separation, low loss during cyclic operation, compatible with large‑scale continuous production.

Limitations: Under extreme low‑pH and ultra‑high acidity feed liquor, its performance is inferior to high‑strength modified aldoxime extractants.

Selection Tip: First choice for regular copper mines with normal acidity and stable mass production.

2. PANDA984N‑C
Reference Grade: LIX984N‑C
Component: Optimized ketoxime‑aldoxime blended formulation
Application: Optimized for large‑scale continuous SX‑EW production lines, adapted for long‑term non‑stop operating conditions.

Advantages: Improved phase separation characteristics and reduced organic entrainment tendency, enhanced operational stability for long‑term steady plant production.

Limitations: Not a crud‑specific formulation; crud formation depends on feed liquor quality; limited performance under extreme high‑acid conditions.

Selection Tip: For continuous production in large plants, targeting lower organic loss and higher operational stability.

3. PANDA5640

Reference Grade: ACORGA M5640

Component: Modified Aldoxime extractant with ester modifiers
Application: Designed for high‑acidity, high‑copper‑loading and low‑temperature operating conditions, widely deployed in high‑acid copper SX production lines in Chile, Peru and worldwide.

Advantages: Robust extraction power, outstanding low‑temperature performance, high copper loading capacity, prominent adaptability to high‑acid environments.

Limitations: Long‑term stability under harsh acidic conditions is lower than ketoxime‑based systems; moderate phase‑separation speed.

Selection Tip: For challenging feed liquor with high acidity, high copper content and low temperature.

21/07/2026

High Copper Gold Ore Processing Solutions | Copper Removal, Gold Recovery & SX Systems
Overview: Metallurgically Based Processing Framework
Copper-bearing gold ore beneficiation is a technically complex mineral processing challenge. Excess soluble copper severely consumes gold lixiviants, disturbs adsorption equilibrium, and reduces final gold recovery. Process selection does not rely on copper grade alone. Mineralogy, copper solubility, gold occurrence, sulfide liberation, ore texture, and project CAPEX/OPEX jointly determine the optimal processing route.
We provide three standardized, test-verifiable solution architectures for oxide gold ore, sulfide gold ore, and ammoniacal copper systems, covering mainstream mining scenarios in Mongolia, Africa, and Malaysia. Laboratory bottle roll tests and pilot-scale validation are always recommended before full-scale plant implementation.
Core Industry Pain Points & Targeted Solutions
Professional mining engineers and project operators commonly encounter copper interference issues that suppress gold leaching efficiency and increase operational costs:
•High soluble copper lixiviant consumption: Dissolved copper consumes gold lixiviant and increases reagent demand, reducing overall gold recovery efficiency.
Resolution: Acid leaching pretreatment + N902 selective solvent extraction to reduce dissolved copper load prior to gold recovery.
•Sulfide copper mineral gold encapsulation: Locked copper sulfides hinder gold mineral dissociation, resulting in low gold liberation rates.
Resolution: Targeted flotation pre-treatment removes copper sulfide gangue and improves subsequent gold leaching performance.
•Ammoniacal copper solution purification difficulty: Conventional acidic extractants fail to separate copper from ammonia-complexed solutions.
Resolution: N910 ammonia-specific copper extractant provides targeted solution purification and copper separation.
Solution A: High Copper Oxide Gold Ore Processing
Applicable ore characteristics: Oxidized copper-gold ore, low-sulfide weathered gold ore, and ores with dominant acid-soluble copper and free gold occurrence.
Technical boundary clarification: N902 copper removal is mainly suitable for acid-soluble copper minerals such as malachite and azurite and other oxidized copper phases. Primary sulfide copper minerals require separate mineralogical evaluation and customized processing routes.
Standard industrial process logic: Under typical sulfuric acid leaching conditions, acid-soluble copper oxides dissolve into the aqueous PLS (pregnant leach solution), while most gold remains associated with the solid phase. N902 solvent extraction selectively removes dissolved copper from the leachate. The copper-depleted solid residue, after washing, neutralization and suitable metallurgical conditioning, may proceed to alkaline gold leaching.
Acid leaching and N902 solvent extraction serve as optional pretreatment workflows. Process feasibility must be verified through metallurgical testing, as acid exposure may alter ore surface properties, residual acid consumption, and subsequent glycine leaching kinetics.
Copper Grade Economic Evaluation Framework
•Cu ＜ 0.3%: Copper interference is generally limited under normal processing conditions. Direct alkaline gold leaching is technically and economically optimal.
Recommended Package: Glycine low-toxicity gold leaching agent, eco-friendly gold lixiviant, gold adsorption resin
•Cu 0.3% – 0.8%: Moderate soluble copper interference. Process selection depends on gold grade, reagent consumption balance, and project scale.
Optional Upgrade Package: N902 copper extractant + customized mixer-settler SX system for long-term cost stabilization
•Cu 0.8% – 2.0%: Copper removal becomes increasingly economically attractive. Pre-leaching copper purification effectively reduces gold reagent consumption and stabilizes final recovery efficiency.
Recommended Full Process Package: Acid leaching auxiliaries + N902 extractant + customized SX mixer-settler equipment + glycine leaching agent + gold adsorption resin
•Soluble Cu ＞ 2.0% (oxide copper dominant): High acid-soluble copper content provides additional by-product potential.
Recommended Route: Intensive acid leaching + N902 continuous solvent extraction, paired with copper recovery circuits where site mineralogy, acid consumption, economics, and plant scale justify investment.
Solution B: Copper-Bearing Sulfide Gold Ore Processing
Core metallurgical principle: Sulfide mineral liberation and gold association are more decisive than total copper grade alone. Chalcopyrite, bornite, and chalcocite exhibit distinct flotation responses, while pyrite-hosted or copper-locked gold requires targeted pre-treatment design.
Flotation is the preferred primary pre-separation technology for liberated sulfide copper minerals, effectively reducing upstream copper load and reducing copper-induced reagent consumption in subsequent gold leaching circuits.
Sulfide Ore Graded Process & Product Matching
•Cu ＜ 0.5%: Low sulfide copper interference. Direct gold leaching may be feasible for non-refractory ores after appropriate metallurgical evaluation.
Package: Eco-friendly gold lixiviant + high-performance gold adsorption resin
•Cu 0.5% – 1.5%: Moderate copper sulfide content. Copper flotation recovery assessment is strongly recommended to evaluate payable copper concentrate potential and reduce downstream gold leaching interference.
Package: Selective copper-gold flotation reagents + subsequent gold processing consumables
•Cu ＞ 1.5%: High-value copper sulfide association. Flotation copper concentrate recovery is the preferred industrial route.
Package: Full set of customized flotation reagents + tailings deep impurity removal & gold recovery chemicals
Solution C: Ammoniacal Copper Solution Purification | N910 Application Scenario
N910 is a professional ammonia-complexed copper solution extractant, designed for ammoniacal leaching systems. It is incompatible with conventional alkaline water and glycine leach solutions due to completely different copper complex chemical structures.
Industry application note: N910 targets ammonia-complexed copper solution purification for ammoniacal hydrometallurgy and secondary copper resource recovery projects. Many ammoniacal leaching systems primarily target copper dissolution, while gold recovery requires separate downstream process evaluation and customized design. N910 is only applicable for verified ammoniacal leaching circuits after targeted laboratory validation.
Exclusive Matching Package: N910 ammoniacal copper extractant + site-customized mixer-settler SX equipment
or more details, please visit https://www.golddressingagent.com/agent/copper-bearing-gold-ore-processing-solution.html

13/06/2026

Case Study: Efficient Gold Extraction from E-waste PCBs Using PANDA Eco-Friendly Gold Stripping Agent
The rapid growth of electronic waste has created a massive opportunity for urban miners. Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs), especially those with gold-plated fingers from old computers and RAM sticks, contain valuable precious metals. However, traditional extraction methods often rely on highly toxic cyanide or aggressive acids that damage base metals and pose severe environmental risks. Enter the PANDA Eco-Friendly Gold Stripping Agent—a revolutionary solution designed specifically for small-scale recyclers who demand safety, high efficiency, and maximum profit.
In this comprehensive case study, we will walk through a real-world scenario demonstrating how a small-scale recycling workshop successfully processed 10kg of thin-plated PCB waste using the PANDA system. We will cover everything from chemical formulation and operational steps to cost analysis and final results.
The Challenge: Thin Gold Plating on Complex Substrates
Our case study focuses on processing discarded computer motherboards and network card RAM sticks. These materials typically feature a very thin gold layer (approximately 0.05–0.1μm) plated over a copper-nickel substrate. The primary goals for the recycler were clear: strip the gold without cyanide, avoid corroding the underlying copper and nickel (so the boards could be resold as secondary copper scrap), and maintain a safe working environment.
Step 1: Formulating the PANDA Working Solution
To process exactly 10kg of this specific e-waste, we prepared a 10-liter working solution. The core of this process is creating a pre-mixed "Gold Stripping Powder."
First, thoroughly mix the following dry ingredients:

For more details, please visit https://www.golddressingagent.com/blog/case-study-panda-eco-friendly-gold-extraction-from-pcbs.html

10/06/2026

3 Proven Scenarios: How to Replace Cyanide with Low-Toxicity Leaching Agents (Thiosulfate, Thiourea & PANDA)

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3 Proven Scenarios: How to Replace Cyanide with Low-Toxicity Leaching Agents (Thiosulfate, Thiourea & PANDA)

Published: May 26, 2026

Author: FKN Technical Team

Meta Description: Struggling with carbonaceous or high-arsenic ore? Discover how Thiosulfate, Thiourea & PANDA gold dressing agent solve cyanide limitations. Boost recovery & meet ESG goals.

Introduction: The Urgent Need for Non-Toxic Alternatives

In modern gold mining, sodium cyanide (NaCN) remains dominant but faces increasing scrutiny due to its high toxicity and strict transportation regulations. As global environmental standards tighten, the industry is urgently seeking low-toxicity gold leaching agents that are both safe and efficient.

Recent advancements have validated three primary alternatives: Thiourea, Thiosulfate, and Ferricyanide-based agents (like PANDA gold dressing agent). These reagents, often formulated with urea and caustic soda, offer a safer profile without compromising recovery rates. Based on the latest industrial data, this guide explores the three key scenarios where these reagents outperform traditional cyanide.

Scenario 1: Conquering Carbonaceous Ores with Thiosulfate

If your ore contains carbonaceous matter, cyanide leaching often fails due to the "preg-robbing" effect—where dissolved gold is re-adsorbed by the carbon in the ore. This results in significant metal loss.

Why Thiosulfate is the Superior Choice

Thiosulfate (S₂O₃²⁻) forms a stable complex with gold (Au(S₂O₃)₂³⁻) that is not easily adsorbed by carbon. This process operates in an alkaline medium, preventing equipment corrosion and ensuring environmental safety.

Catalytic Mechanism: The presence of copper and ammonia significantly accelerates the dissolution kinetics. Ammonia diffuses to the gold surface, weakening the passivation effect.

Industrial Proof: The world's largest thiosulfate leaching plant at Barrick Gold processes 10,000 tons of ore per day. This operation has proven that for carbonaceous ores, thiosulfate is not only technically superior but also economically competitive, achieving a recovery rate of 92.7%.

For more details, please visit https://www.golddressingagent.com/blog/Cyanide-free-leaching-agent.html

09/06/2026

PANDA Eco-Friendly Gold Leaching Agent: A Non-Toxic Cyanide Alternative for High-Sulfur Ores & CIP/CIL Plants

Introduction: The Shift Towards Non-Toxic Gold Mining

For over a century, cyanidation has been the dominant method for gold extraction. However, the high toxicity of sodium cyanide (NaCN) poses severe environmental risks, including groundwater pollution. With increasing global regulations restricting cyanide use, the mining industry is urgently seeking effective, non-toxic alternatives.

This article explores the FKN PANDA environmentally friendly gold leaching agent, a high-tech product developed in China. We will analyze how this eco-friendly gold dressing agent performs against traditional cyanide methods, specifically focusing on its efficiency in treating complex ores and the critical role of coconut shell activated carbon in the recovery process.

What is the PANDA Environmentally Friendly Gold Leaching Agent?

The PANDA agent is a non-cyanide, alkaline chemical formulation designed to dissolve gold without generating toxic cyanide-laden wastewater or residue. It presents a sustainable solution for gold refineries looking to maintain high recovery rates while adhering to strict environmental standards.

Comparative Performance: PANDA vs. Cyanide (NaCN)

Extensive testing on various ore types has proven that the PANDA agent is a viable replacement for sodium cyanide. The research focused on three specific ore samples:

Low-Sulfur Oxide Ore (1 #): While PANDA performed well, the leaching speed was slower compared to sulfide ores.

High-Sulfur Gold Ore (2 #): This is where PANDA excels. The agent demonstrated a remarkable ability to pe*****te sulfide coatings that often wrap gold particles. In fact, the leaching speed for this ore type was significantly faster than the oxide ore, achieving results comparable to cyanide within 24 hours.

Roasted Sand Acid Leaching Residue (3 #): The PANDA agent proved highly effective on this processed residue, matching the leaching efficiency of traditional cyanidation methods.

Key Finding:

The consumption of the PANDA agent is currently 1 to 1.3 times higher than NaCN. However, its ability to operate within existing carbon-in-pulp (CIP) or carbon-in-leach (CIL) infrastructure—without requiring costly equipment modifications—makes it a cost-effective and eco-friendly upgrade.

For more details, please visit https://www.golddressingagent.com/blog/Cyanide-free-leaching-agent.html

06/06/2026

The Optimal Application Process for PANDA Eco-friendly Gold Leaching Agent in Heap Leaching

Maximizing Gold Recovery: The Optimal Application Process for PANDA Eco-friendly Gold Leaching Agent in Heap Leaching

In the modern mining industry, the pressure to adopt environmentally sustainable practices while maintaining profitability is higher than ever. Traditional cyanidation, while effective, poses significant environmental risks. This has led to a surge in demand for non-toxic, eco-friendly alternatives.

The PANDA environmentally friendly gold leaching agent has emerged as a frontrunner in this space, particularly for heap leaching operations. Based on extensive industrial data and metallurgical analysis, this article will guide you through the optimal application process to maximize gold recovery rates (achieving 65%-70% leaching efficiency) while minimizing costs (as low as $0.8 - $1.0/ton).

1. Why Choose PANDA for Heap Leaching?

Heap leaching is the preferred method for treating low-grade gold deposits due to its low infrastructure investment and operational simplicity. The PANDA agent is specifically designed to leverage this process.

Eco-Safety: Unlike cyanide, PANDA is non-toxic, making it safer for personnel and the environment.

Cost Efficiency: Industrial data shows that PANDA can reduce reagent consumption costs to just 1/3 to 1/4 of traditional sodium cyanide usage.

Proven Scalability: From small 500-ton piles to massive 100,000-ton industrial tests (such as those in Xinjiang and Shaanxi, China), PANDA has demonstrated consistent results across various ore types, including quartz veins, altered rocks, and breccias.

2. The Top 10 Factors for Optimizing Your PANDA Heap Leaching Process

To achieve the benchmark recovery rates mentioned above, your operation must fine-tune the following parameters:

1. Ore Mineralogy & Structure

The physical structure of the ore is paramount.

Permeability is Key: Ores with loose structures and developed cracks (e.g., argillaceous sandstone) allow the PANDA solution to pe*****te deeply, resulting in fast leaching (pregnant solution gold concentration > 4 g/m³ in 24 hours).

Challenges: Dense ores or those high in clay content can hinder permeability. If clay content exceeds 35%, it can cause "plating" on the ore pile surface, reducing the solution pe*******on rate from 25 cm/day to as low as 0.4 cm/day.

2. Ore Particle Size Distribution

Finding the "Goldilocks Zone" for particle size is critical.

Optimal Range: Generally, 85% - 95% passing -200 mesh is ideal for exposing gold particles.

For more details, please visit https://www.golddressingagent.com/blog/heap-leaching-process.html

FKN PANDA

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