02/12/2025
áá˛áážáŹ áááşáˇááŹá¸áá˛áˇ áá˛áˇ Generation áážááşáˇáĄáá° áááááşáˇáááááŻááşááŹáá˝áąááᯠáážáŹáá˝áąá
áŻááąáŹááşá¸ ááźáŽá¸ááąá¸ááŹá¸áááşáááşááąá¸áááŻááşááŤáááş [ #á
áŹáááşáááźááşá¸áá˛áˇ ]
á CPU ááŻááşááŻááşáážáŻáĄáá˝ááş áĄááťááŻá¸áĄá
áŹá¸ááťáŹá¸á
á˝áŹ ááŻááşáá˝ážááˇáşáá˛áˇááźáŽá¸á áĄááťáááşáĄáááŻááş architectureá performance áážááˇáş target market áĄáááŻááş áá˝á˛ááźáŹá¸ááŹá¸áááşá CPU áĄááťááŻá¸áĄá
áŹá¸ááᯠáĄááááĄáŹá¸ááźááˇáş Pentium, Celeron, Core i-series, Xeon, Atom, Itanium á
áááźááˇáş áá˝á˛ááźáŹá¸áááŻááşááźáŽá¸á áĄááťáááşáážááˇáşáĄááťáž feature, cores, instruction sets, power efficiency á
áááşáááŻáˇ áááŻá¸áááşáážáŻááźáąáŹááˇáş generation áĄáááŻááş performance áááşá¸ ááźááˇáşáááşááŹáá˛áˇáááşá
Pentium & Celeron
Intel áá˛áˇ Pentium series ( ) ááᯠ1993 ááŻáážá
áşáážá
ááźáŽá¸ desktop computers áĄáá˝ááş ááŻááşáá˛áˇáááşá á
áááşáĄááťáááşáá˝ááş single-core CPU ááźá
áşááźáŽá¸, clock speed ááᯠáĄááźáąááśááŹá¸áááˇáş design ááźá
áşáá˛áˇáááşá Pentium II, Pentium III, Pentium 4 áĄáááˇáşááťáŹá¸áá˝ááş CPU performance áááŻá¸áááşááŹáá˛áˇááąáŹáşáááşá¸ power efficiency áážááˇáş multi-core processing áá˝ááş áĄáŹá¸áááşá¸ááťááşááťáŹá¸ áážáááąáá˛áˇáááşá
Intel 1998 ááŻáážá
áşáážá
á Celeron ( ) series ááᯠááŻááşáá˛áˇááźáŽá¸, budget PCs áážááˇáş low-power devices áĄáá˝ááş áĄáááááŻáśá¸á
á˝á˛áá˛áˇáááşá Celeron áááş Pentium architecture ááᯠáĄááźáąááśááźáŽá¸, features ááťáŹá¸áĄáááşá¸ááŻáśá¸ááŹá¸ááąáŹááźáąáŹááˇáş, cost efficiency ááᯠáŚá¸á
áŹá¸ááąá¸ááŹá¸áááşá
Core 2 & Transition to Core i-series
2006 ááŻáážá
áşáá˝ááş Intel á Core 2 ( , ) series áááŻááŻááşááźáŽá¸, dual-core áážááˇáş quad-core CPU ááťáŹá¸á
á˝áŹ ááźááˇáşááťááá˛áˇáááşá Core 2 CPUs áááş performance per watt ááᯠáĄáá°á¸ááąáŹááşá¸áá˝ááşá
áąááźáŽá¸, desktop áážááˇáş laptop áážá
áşááťááŻá¸ááŻáśá¸áá˝ááş áĄááŻáśá¸ááźáŻáááŻááşáá˛áˇáááşá
2008 ááŻáážá
áşáá˝ááş Intel á Core i-series ( ) ááᯠ1st Generation Nehalem architecture ááźááˇáş á
áááşááŻááşáá˛áˇáááşá Nehalem CPUs áá˝ááş integrated memory controller, Turbo Boost technology, áážááˇáş QuickPath Interconnect (QPI) á
áááˇáş modern features ááťáŹá¸ááŤáááşááźáŽá¸, multi-core parallel processing áááşá¸ áááŻáááŻááąáŹááşá¸áá˝ááşá
áąáááşá
Xeon & Server/Workstation CPUs
Intel 1998 ááŻáážá
áşáážá
á Xeon series ( ) ááᯠserver áážááˇáş workstation áĄáá˝ááşááŻááşáá˛áˇáááşá Xeon CPUs áá˝ááş ECC memory support, high core count, advanced reliability features á
áááşáááŻáˇ ááŤáááşááźáŽá¸, mission-critical servers áážááˇáş professional workstations áĄáá˝ááş áĄáá°á¸áááˇáşááąáŹáşáááşá Xeon CPUs áááş mainstream Core i-series áážááˇáşááá°áá˛, server-grade stability, memory bandwidth, virtualization performance ááᯠáŚá¸á
áŹá¸ááąá¸ááŹá¸áááşá
Atom & Low-Power Devices
Intel 2008 ááŻáážá
áşáážá
á Atom series ( ) ááᯠnetbooks, embedded devices, low-power laptops áĄáá˝ááşááŻááşáá˛áˇáááşá Atom CPUs áááş very low power consumption, small die size, integrated GPU áĄáááşá¸ááŻáśá¸áááŻáˇááźáąáŹááˇáş mobile áážááˇáş IoT devices áĄáá˝ááş áĄáááˇáşááąáŹáşáááşá áááşáážááá˝ááş Atom áááş mostly embedded systems áážááˇáş IoT devices áĄáá˝ááşáᏠáĄááŻáśá¸ááźáŻááąáááşá
Core i-series Evolution (Mainstream & High-End)
Intel Core i-series áááş mainstream desktop/laptop áážááˇáş high-performance computing áĄáá˝ááş áĄáááááźá
áşááŹáááşá
Generation Timeline
1st Gen Nehalem (2008): integrated memory controller, Turbo Boost, QPI
2nd Gen Sandy Bridge (2011): 32nm process, integrated GPU
3rd Gen Ivy Bridge (2012): 22nm Tri-Gate transistor
4th Gen Haswell (2013): improved GPU & efficiency
5th Gen Broadwell (2014): 14nm, mobile-focused
6th Gen Skylake (2015): DDR4 support, performance improvement
7th Gen Kaby Lake (2016): 14nm+, 4K media support
8th/9th Gen Coffee Lake (2017-2018): increased cores, mainstream i9
10th Gen Comet Lake/Ice Lake (2019): 10nm mobile, 14nm desktop
11th Gen Tiger/Rocket Lake (2020): Xe GPU, PCIe 4.0
12th Gen Alder Lake (2021): hybrid architecture (P-core + E-core), DDR5
13th Gen Raptor Lake (2022): improved hybrid, more cores
14th Gen Meteor/Arrow Lake (2023-2024): tile-based design, Intel 4 process
High-End Desktop & Extreme Series
Core i9 / X-series / Extreme Edition CPUs ( ) áááş gaming, content creation, workstation enthusiast market áĄáá˝ááş ááŻááşááŹá¸ááźáŽá¸, higher core count, higher cache, overclocking support á
áááşááźááˇáş feature ááťáŹá¸áááşááąáŹááşá¸ááŹá¸áááşá 12th Gen Alder Lake áážááˇáş 13th Gen Raptor Lake áá˝ááş Performance + Efficiency cores ááźááˇáş hybrid architecture áááŻáĄááŻáśá¸ááźáŻááźáŽá¸ power efficiency áážááˇáş multi-core performance áááŻáˇááᯠáááŻá¸áááşá
áąáááşá
Intel CPU áĄááťááŻá¸áĄá
áŹá¸ááᯠroughly áĄáŻááşá
áŻááźáŹá¸áááşáááŻáááş, entry-level devices áĄáá˝ááş Pentium/Celeron, mainstream devices áĄáá˝ááş Core i3-i7/i9, server/workstation áĄáá˝ááş Xeon, embedded/IoT devices áĄáá˝ááş Atom, high-end desktop enthusiasts áĄáá˝ááş Core i9/X-series áĄááźá
áş áá˝á˛ááźáŹá¸áááŻááşáááşá CPU generation áážááˇáş architecture evolution (nm process shrink, hybrid cores, DDR5, PCIe 5.0) ááźáąáŹááˇáş performance, efficiency, and multi-tasking capability ááťáŹá¸á
á˝áŹ áááŻá¸áááşááŹááźáŽá¸ áááąáˇ 14th Gen Core CPU áĄáá ááąáŹááşáážáááąááźáŽ áᯠááąá¸ááŹá¸áááşá¸ ááŽá
áŹááąá¸ááᯠáĄááŻáśá¸áááşáááŻááşááŤáááşá