16/12/2025
ROLES of ARCHITECT and ENGINEERS in construction projects.
(Small-Medium Scale Projects)
1. Pre-Design / Programming
Architect's role: Understands the client’s needs, site conditions, and regulatory constraints.
Engineers: Not usually involved yet, unless for site-specific feasibility.
Output: Project brief, site analysis, space requirements, budget outline.
2. Schematic Design (SD)
Architect: Develops initial design concepts—massings, layouts, and spatial relationships.
Structural Engineer: Gives input on possible framing systems or structural feasibility.
MEP Engineers (Mechanical, Electrical, Plumbing): May advise on spatial needs for equipment or systems.
Output: Conceptual floor plans, basic elevations, 3D models or sketches.
3. Design Development (DD)
Architect: Refines design, selects materials, works on more detailed layouts.
Engineers: Start detailed coordination:
Structural: Develop beam, column, and slab systems.
Mechanical: Design HVAC systems.
Electrical: Layout for lighting, power, and circuits.
Plumbing: Routes for water supply and drainage.
Output: Coordinated plans, preliminary details, outline specs.
4. Construction Documents (CD)
Architect: Produces detailed architectural drawings and specifications.
Engineers: Submit full engineering plans:
Structural framing plans, foundation plans
MEP plans with riser diagrams, schedules, and notes
Coordination is key: Clash detection and BIM (Building Information Modeling) may be used to avoid conflicts.
Output: Full set of drawings and specs for permits, bidding, and construction.
5. Bidding / Tender
Architect: Assists client in reviewing contractor bids.
Engineers: May clarify details in their scope.
Output: Selected contractor for construction.
6. Construction Administration
Architect & Engineers: Answer RFIs (Requests for Information), review submittals, and inspect work.
Output: Site instructions, approvals, as-built revisions, and final certifications.
