GeologyHub Youtube Channel (2026)

17/05/2026

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_I5cmjWGVKA
A major explosive volcanic eruption is ongoing which is the largest of 2026, and now the volcano producing it has received a badass new name straight out of Greek mythology; The Titan Ridge Volcano. Located in the Central Bismarck Sea of Papua New Guinea, this volcano is currently producing its largest eruption on record, having already generated abundant pumice rafts and an eruption plume that rose up to 14,000 feet above the ocean surface.

Thumbnail Photo Credit: NASA Worldview, EOSDIS Worldview, (Satellite imagery: NOAA-20 / VIIRS), (Thermal signatures: Terra / MODIS, NOAA-20 / VIIRS, Aqua / MODIS), at https://worldview.earthdata.nasa.gov/. The brightness of this image was increased from the original satellite imagery.

NASA EOSDIS Worldview satellite imagery Copyright © 2012-2026 United States Government
as represented by the Administrator of the
National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
All Rights Reserved.
Associated license for NASA EOSDIS Worldview: https://github.com/nasa-gibs/worldview/blob/main/LICENSE.md

We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA's Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS).

We acknowledge the use of imagery from the NASA Worldview application (https://worldview.earthdata.nasa.gov/), part of the NASA Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS).

If you would like to support this channel, consider using one of the following links:
(Patreon: http://patreon.com/geologyhub)

Google Earth imagery used in this video: ©Google & Data Providers

This video is protected under "fair use". If you see an image and/or video which is your own in this video, and/or think my discussion of a scientific paper (and/or discussion/mentioning of the data/information within a scientific paper) does not fall under the fair use doctrine, and wish for it to be censored or removed, contact me by email at [email protected] and I will make the necessary changes.

Various licenses used in sections of this video (not the entire video, this video as a whole does not completely fall under one of these licenses) and/or in this video's thumbnail image (and this list does not include every license used in this video and/or thumbnail image):
Public Domain: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
CC BY 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode

Sources/Citations:
[1] NASA Worldview, EOSDIS Worldview, (Satellite imagery: Terra / MODIS, NOAA-20 / VIIRS, Aqua / MODIS), (Thermal signatures: Terra / MODIS, NOAA-20 / VIIRS, Aqua / MODIS), at https://worldview.earthdata.nasa.gov/
[2] Rabaul Volcano Observatory
[3] Knafelc J, Gust D, Bryan SE, Anderson M and Cathey HE (2022) Petrogenesis of Havre Volcano in the Kermadec Arc: 2012 Eruption of a Chemically Homogeneous Rhyolite. Front. Earth Sci. 10:886897. doi: 10.3389/feart.2022.886897, CC BY 4.0.
[4] Maeno, F., Kaneko, T., Ichihara, M. et al. Seawater-magma interactions sustained the high column during the 2021 phreatomagmatic eruption of Fukutoku-Oka-no-Ba. Commun Earth Environ 3, 260 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00594-4, CC BY 4.0.
[5] Bryan, Scott & Cook, Alex & Evans, Jason & Hebden, Kerry & Hurrey, Lucy & Colls, Peter & Jell, John & Weatherley, Dion & Firn, Jennifer. (2012). Rapid, Long-Distance Dispersal by Pumice Rafting. PloS one. 7. e40583. 10.1371/journal.pone.0040583. CC BY 4.0.
[6] Knafelc, J., Bryan, S.E., Jones, M.W.M. et al. Havre 2012 pink pumice is evidence of a short-lived, deep-sea, magnetite nanolite-driven explosive eruption. Commun Earth Environ 3, 19 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00355-3, CC BY 4.0.
[7] Knafelc J, Gust D, Bryan SE, Anderson M and Cathey HE (2022) Petrogenesis of Havre Volcano in the Kermadec Arc: 2012 Eruption of a Chemically Homogeneous Rhyolite. Front. Earth Sci. 10:886897. doi: 10.3389/feart.2022.886897, CC BY 4.0.
[8] Source of Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) methodology and criteria: Newhall, C. G., and Self, S. (1982), The volcanic explosivity index (VEI) an estimate of explosive magnitude for historical volcanism, J. Geophys. Res., 87(C2), 1231–1238, doi:10.1029/JC087iC02p01231. Accessed / Read by Youtube.com/GeologyHub on Oct 5th, 2022.
[9] VEIs, dates/years, composition, tephra layer name, DRE estimates, and bulk tephra volume estimates for volcanic eruptions shown in this video which were assigned a VEI 4 or larger and are not from the Titan Ridge Volcano are sourced from the LaMEVE database (British Geological Survey © UKRI), https://www2.bgs.ac.uk/vogripa/view/controller.cfc?method=lameve, Used with Permission
[10] NOAA

0:00 Major Ongoing Eruption
0:45 Titan Ridge Volcano
1:26 Basis for the Name
2:19 Eruption Start
2:40 Pumice Rafts
3:03 Comparison Chart
3:27 VEI Speculation
4:04 2 Vents

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_I5cmjWGVKA

A major explosive volcanic eruption is ongoing which is the largest of 2026, and now the volcano producing it has received a badass new name straight out of ...

09/05/2026

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w3pZViKzXpQ

Disaster just struck, as multiple fatalities occurred due to the largest eruption of the Dukono volcano in nearly 400 years. However, all of these deaths in my opinion were 100% preventable, and I will discuss why via my knowledge and analysis as a geologist.

Note: Close up footage of Dukono was recorded by trained professionals with many years of experience who specifically obtained permission to enter Dukono's exclusion zone. Under NO circumstances should you ever attempt to get as close to this volcano while its exclusion zone is still in place!

So remember, do not ever go within a volcano's active exclusion zone, including the active 4 km exclusion zone in all directions around Dukono's erupting crater!

Thumbnail Photo Credit: Frame grab from a YouTube video by ExtremePursuit, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wHaZyx_kIvA, Used with Permission.

A special thanks to the Extreme Pursuit YouTube channel for granting me permission to use clips of his footage!
Video Sources from the Extreme Pursuit YouTube channel:
[1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wHaZyx_kIvA
[2] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yu1CxKgU9_k
[3] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RZp6E4gEHYY
[4] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fKNUL_HHpOA
Extreme Pursuit channel link: https://www.youtube.com/ExtremePursuit

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(GeologyHub Merch Etsy store: http://geologyhub.etsy.com)

Google Earth imagery used in this video: ©Google & Data Providers

This video is protected under "fair use". If you see an image and/or video which is your own in this video, and/or think my discussion of a scientific paper (and/or discussion/mentioning of the data/information within a scientific paper) does not fall under the fair use doctrine, and wish for it to be censored or removed, contact me by email at [email protected] and I will make the necessary changes.

Various licenses used in sections of this video (not the entire video, this video as a whole does not completely fall under one of these licenses) and/or in this video's thumbnail image (and this list does not include every license used in this video and/or thumbnail image):
Public Domain: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
CC BY 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode

Sources/Citations:
[1] Brown, S.K., Jenkins, S.F., Sparks, R.S.J. et al. Volcanic fatalities database: analysis of volcanic threat with distance and victim classification. J Appl. Volcanol. 6, 15 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13617-017-0067-4, CC BY 4.0.
[2] Database (additional file 1) in a scientific paper by Brown, S.K., Jenkins, S.F., Sparks, R.S.J. et al. Volcanic fatalities database: analysis of volcanic threat with distance and victim classification. J Appl. Volcanol. 6, 15 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13617-017-0067-4, CC BY 4.0. This source was used to cite the 1550 CE fatalities at Dukono. It was also used to cite the number of scientist / geologist fatalities during volcanic eruptions. And, it was used for the source for the number of scientists fatalities during the 1980 eruption of Mt. St. Helens.
[3] Prasetio, A.D., Hasib, M., Amran, A. et al. Local seismotectonic analysis of the July 2019 Molucca Sea earthquake sequence based on moment tensor solutions. Geosci. Lett. 8, 33 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40562-021-00200-z, CC BY 4.0
[4] PVMBG (Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi) (Indonesia)
[5] U.S. Geological Survey

0:00 A Deadly Eruption
1:09 Increase in Illegal Climbing
2:31 Eruption Statistics
3:28 Largest Eruption Since 1550 CE
4:18 A Problem Not Confined to Dukono
4:59 Storm Chasing Comparison
6:06 Do NOT Attempt
7:07 Additional Thoughts

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w3pZViKzXpQ

Disaster just struck, as multiple fatalities occurred due to the largest eruption of the Dukono volcano in nearly 400 years. However, all of these deaths in ...

20/04/2026

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vAQJhuHjXHQ

This video shows the very moment portions of a minor tsunami struck the coastline of eastern Japan after a magnitude 7.4 earthquake on April 20th, 2026. Thankfully, it was quite small in size but nevertheless provides an interesting scientific example of what small scale tsunamis look like.

Warning: NEVER go as close to a coastline as shown in today's video if a tsunami is expected to soon strike! Doing so could be lethal!

The on the ground footage was all filmed by: Verner Jalava, Used with Permission.

Thumbnail Photo Credit: Verner Jalava, Used with Permission.

If you would like to support this channel, consider using one of the following links:
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(GeologyHub Merch Etsy store: http://geologyhub.etsy.com)

Google Earth imagery used in this video: ©Google & Data Providers

This video is protected under "fair use". If you see an image and/or video which is your own in this video, and/or think my discussion of a scientific paper (and/or discussion/mentioning of the data/information within a scientific paper) does not fall under the fair use doctrine, and wish for it to be censored or removed, contact me by email at [email protected] and I will make the necessary changes.

Sources/Citations:
[1] U.S. Geological Survey
[2] Japanese Meteorological Agency

0:00 Tsunami Footage
0:22 Geologic Setting
0:38 Small Tsunami

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vAQJhuHjXHQ

3 likes, 1 comment. "Watch a Tsunami Strike Japan; April 20th 2026 M7.4 Earthquake"

21/03/2026

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z3gCUrqzijA

A special thanks to RadiaCode for sponsoring today's video. Their useful geiger counters can be bought with a 5% discount at radiacode.com/?discount=GEOLOGYHUB2026RC. The heaviest element in the universe may exist at this peculiar star. And if it does exist, so do 7 other undiscovered elements, ranging from atomic numbers 119 through 126. While some have suggested these elements could have been dumped by intelligent alien life, a more likely explanation has a purely natural albeit peculiar origin. Since this relates to the origin of elements, I decided to cover this topic as a geologist.

Note: I WAS paid by RadiaCode to promote their product. In other words, the segment about the product/website/company is an advertisement which I am being paid to say.

Also, I (the account owner of the GeologyHub YouTube channel) may receive a commission or experience a form of financial gain whether direct or indirect if you click on the RadiaCode link mentioned in today's video & video description.

If you would like to support this channel, consider using one of the following links:
(Patreon: http://patreon.com/geologyhub)
(YouTube membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCYeGh5VML5XPr5jYnzh3J6g/join)
(Gemstone & Mineral Etsy store: http://prospectingarizona.etsy.com)
(GeologyHub Merch Etsy store: http://geologyhub.etsy.com)

This video is protected under "fair use". If you see an image and/or video which is your own in this video, and/or think my discussion of a scientific paper (and/or discussion/mentioning of the data/information within a scientific paper) does not fall under the fair use doctrine, and wish for it to be censored or removed, contact me by email at [email protected] and I will make the necessary changes.

Various licenses used in sections of this video (not the entire video, this video as a whole does not completely fall under one of these licenses) and/or in this video's thumbnail image (and this list does not include every license used in this video and/or thumbnail image):
Public Domain: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
CC0 1.0: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode
CC BY 2.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/legalcode
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CC BY-SA 3.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/legalcode
CC BY-SA 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode

Sources/Citations:
[1] Zhu, Yonglin & Wollaeger, R. & Vassh, Nicole & Surman, R. & Sprouse, T. & Mumpower, Matthew & Moller, P. & Mclaughlin, G. & Korobkin, O. & Kawano, T. & Jaffke, Patrick & Holmbeck, E. & Fryer, C. & Even, W. & Couture, A. & Barnes, Jacobo. (2018). Californium-254 and kilonova light curves. 10.48550/arXiv.1806.09724.
[2] Gopka, V.F., Yushchenko, A.V., Yushchenko, V.A. et al. Identification of absorption lines of short half-life actinides in the spectrum of Przybylski’s star (HD 101065). Kinemat. Phys. Celest. Bodies 24, 89–98 (2008). https://doi.org/10.3103/S0884591308020049
[3] The longest half-life an isotope of each element mentioned in this video except elements 119-126 was sourced from Wikipedia text under the "isotope of X" page (with X = an element). Example: The "isotopes of bismuth" chart on the Wikipedia page https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bismuth, CC BY-SA 4.0. Because so many pages were used, and there is a 5,000 character limit for descriptions, the full attribution text from Wikipedia will be posted in a pinned comment (otherwise it would have run 2,000+ characters above the limit).
[4] NASA
[5] ESA
[6] https://blog.sdss.org/2017/01/09/origin-of-the-elements-in-the-solar-system/, (chart of how the origin of the solar system elements occurred which falls under a CC BY 2.0 license)
[7] Teemu Arppe, Wikimedia Commons, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Simple_periodic_table_with_four-figure_atomic_weights.svg, CC0 1.0 license
[8] Coplen, T.B., Meyers, F., and Holden, N.E., 2016, Standard and conventional atomic weights 2016 abridged to four significant digits: U.S. Geological Survey data release, http://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F79Z9315
[9] https://images-of-elements.com/, by: https://images-of-elements.com/, Photo link: https://images-of-elements.com/lithium.jpg, Lithium Element Page: https://images-of-elements.com/lithium.php, CC BY 3.0
[10] The "isotopes of uranium" chart on the Wikipedia page https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranium, CC BY-SA 4.0.
[11] The "isotopes of neptunium" chart on the Wikipedia page https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neptunium, CC BY-SA 4.0.
[12] The "isotopes of plutonium" chart on the Wikipedia page https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plutonium, CC BY-SA 4.0.
[13] The "isotopes of americium" chart on the Wikipedia page https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americium, CC BY-SA 4.0.
[14] The "isotopes of curium" chart on the Wikipedia page https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curium, CC BY-SA 4.0.
[15] The "isotopes of berkelium" chart on the Wikipedia page https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkelium, CC BY-SA 4.0.
[16] The "isotopes of californium" chart on the Wikipedia page https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Californium, CC BY-SA 4.0.
[17] The "isotopes of einsteinium" chart on the Wikipedia page https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einsteinium, CC BY-SA 4.0.
[18] The "isotopes of fermium" chart on the Wikipedia page https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermium, CC BY-SA 4.0.
[19] The "isotopes of mendelevium" chart on the Wikipedia page https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendelevium, CC BY-SA 4.0.
[20] The "isotopes of nobelium" chart on the Wikipedia page https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobelium, CC BY-SA 4.0.
[21] The "isotopes of lawrencium" chart on the Wikipedia page https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrencium, CC BY-SA 4.0.
[22] The "isotopes of rutherfordium" chart on the Wikipedia page https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutherfordium, CC BY-SA 4.0.
[23] The "isotopes of dubnium" chart on the Wikipedia page https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubnium, CC BY-SA 4.0.
[24] The "isotopes of seaborgium" chart on the Wikipedia page https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seaborgium, CC BY-SA 4.0.
[25] The "isotopes of bohrium" chart on the Wikipedia page https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohrium, CC BY-SA 4.0.
[26] The "isotopes of hassium" chart on the Wikipedia page https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassium, CC BY-SA 4.0.
[27] The "isotopes of meitnerium" chart on the Wikipedia page https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meitnerium, CC BY-SA 4.0.
[28] The "isotopes of darmstadtium" chart on the Wikipedia page https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darmstadtium, CC BY-SA 4.0.
[29] The "isotopes of roentgenium" chart on the Wikipedia page https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roentgenium, CC BY-SA 4.0.
[30] The "isotopes of copernicium" chart on the Wikipedia page https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copernicium, CC BY-SA 4.0.
[31] The "isotopes of nihonium" chart on the Wikipedia page https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihonium, CC BY-SA 4.0.
[32] The "isotopes of flerovium" chart on the Wikipedia page https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flerovium, CC BY-SA 4.0.
[33] The "isotopes of moscovium" chart on the Wikipedia page https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscovium, CC BY-SA 4.0.
[34] The "isotopes of livermorium" chart on the Wikipedia page https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livermorium, CC BY-SA 4.0.
[35] The "isotopes of tennessine" chart on the Wikipedia page https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennessine, CC BY-SA 4.0.
[36] The "isotopes of oganesson" chart on the Wikipedia page https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oganesson, CC BY-SA 4.0.
[37] The "isotopes of bismuth" chart on the Wikipedia page https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bismuth, CC BY-SA 4.0.
[38] The "isotopes of polonium" chart on the Wikipedia page https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium, CC BY-SA 4.0.
[39] The "isotopes of astatine" chart on the Wikipedia page https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astatine, CC BY-SA 4.0.
[40] The "isotopes of radon" chart on the Wikipedia page https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radon, CC BY-SA 4.0.
[41] The "isotopes of francium" chart on the Wikipedia page https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francium, CC BY-SA 4.0.
[42] The "isotopes of radium" chart on the Wikipedia page https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radium, CC BY-SA 4.0.
[43] The "isotopes of actinium" chart on the Wikipedia page https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actinium, CC BY-SA 4.0.
[44] The "isotopes of thorium" chart on the Wikipedia page https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorium, CC BY-SA 4.0.
[45] The "isotopes of protactinium" chart on the Wikipedia page https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protactinium, CC BY-SA 4.0.

0:00 Signs of Alien Life?
0:20 Przybylski's Star
0:40 How Elements Form
2:35 RadiaCode Sponsorship
4:16 Undiscovered Elements
5:00 Actinides
6:05 Doubly Magic Isotopes
7:32 4 Possibilities
8:53 R-Process
10:11 Bad Data Possibility

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z3gCUrqzijA

A special thanks to RadiaCode for sponsoring today's video. Their useful geiger counters can be bought with a 5% discount at radiacode.com/?discount=GEOLOGYH...

08/02/2026

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O3RKsd1txlI&feature=youtu.be

A special thanks to RadiaCode for sponsoring today's video. Their useful geiger counters can be bought with a 3% discount at https://radiacode.com/?discount=GEOLOGYHUB. Gold's origin is quite fascinating. Incredibly rare and valuable, the vast majority of all gold originated in one of the universe's most explosive phenomena. But at the same time, other gold formed in low mass stars. Today's video discusses the 3 main ways elemental gold was formed from other elements.

Note: I WAS paid by RadiaCode to promote their product. In other words, the segment about the product/website/company is an advertisement which I am being paid to say.

Also, I (the account owner of the GeologyHub YouTube channel) may receive a commission or experience a form of financial gain whether direct or indirect if you click on the RadiaCode link mentioned in today's video & video description.

If you would like to support this channel, consider using one of the following links:
(Patreon: http://patreon.com/geologyhub)
(YouTube membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCYeGh5VML5XPr5jYnzh3J6g/join)
(Gemstone & Mineral Etsy store: http://prospectingarizona.etsy.com)
(GeologyHub Merch Etsy store: http://geologyhub.etsy.com)

Google Earth imagery used in this video: ©Google & Data Providers

This video is protected under "fair use". If you see an image and/or video which is your own in this video, and/or think my discussion of a scientific paper (and/or discussion/mentioning of the data/information within a scientific paper) does not fall under the fair use doctrine, and wish for it to be censored or removed, contact me by email at [email protected] and I will make the necessary changes.

Various licenses used in sections of this video (not the entire video, this video as a whole does not completely fall under one of these licenses) and/or in this video's thumbnail image (and this list does not include every license used in this video and/or thumbnail image):
Public Domain: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
CC0 1.0: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode
CC BY 2.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/legalcode
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CC BY-SA 3.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/legalcode
CC BY-SA 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode

Sources/Citations:
[1] NASA
[2] ESA
[3] https://blog.sdss.org/2017/01/09/origin-of-the-elements-in-the-solar-system/, (chart of how the origin of the solar system elements occurred which falls under a CC BY 2.0 license)

0:00 Alaska Gold
0:16 Highly Explosive Source
1:03 Source of All Gold
1:32 RadiaCode Sponsorship
3:10 Neutron Star
4:16 Radioactive Decay Types
5:01 Neutron Star, Continued
5:40 R-Process
7:28 Supernovae
7:53 Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars
8:19 S-Process
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O3RKsd1txlI&feature=youtu.be

A special thanks to RadiaCode for sponsoring today's video. Their useful geiger counters can be bought with a 3% discount at https://radiacode.com/?discount=...

25/12/2025

science video https://youtu.be/ZOTsDmeM0No?si=5-5q-0jl3Si281AX

A special thanks to RadiaCode for sponsoring today's video. Their useful geiger counters can be bought at https://www.radiacode.com/products. This very banana is actively producing antimatter. And, its not alone. There are also multiple minerals which can also produce it, including the gemstone amazonite. Today's video discusses why this is the case through a peculiar quirk of both geology and physics. And yes, it relates to radioactivity!

Purchase Radiacode devices at: http://radiacode.com/GeologyHub
Radiacode 103 Amazon link: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0CSFYTDWK
Radiacode 102 Amazon link: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0CBQKND5W

Note: I WAS paid by RadiaCode to promote their product. In other words, the segment about the product/website/company is an advertisement which I am being paid to say.

If you would like to support this channel, consider using one of the following links:
(Patreon: http://patreon.com/geologyhub)
(YouTube membership: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCYeGh5VML5XPr5jYnzh3J6g/join)
(Gemstone & Mineral Etsy store: http://prospectingarizona.etsy.com)
(GeologyHub Merch Etsy store: http://geologyhub.etsy.com)

Google Earth imagery used in this video: ©Google & Data Providers

This video is protected under "fair use". If you see an image and/or video which is your own in this video, and/or think my discussion of a scientific paper (and/or discussion/mentioning of the data/information within a scientific paper) does not fall under the fair use doctrine, and wish for it to be censored or removed, contact me by email at [email protected] and I will make the necessary changes.

Various licenses used in sections of this video (not the entire video, this video as a whole does not completely fall under one of these licenses) and/or in this video's thumbnail image (and this list does not include every license used in this video and/or thumbnail image):
Public Domain: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
CC0 1.0: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode
CC BY-SA 3.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/legalcode
CC BY-SA 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode

Sources/Citations:
[1] Data from the Wikipedia page https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_lanthanum, CC BY-SA 4.0.
[2] Data from the Wikipedia page https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_niobium, CC BY-SA 4.0.
[3] Data from the Wikipedia page https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_potassium, CC BY-SA 4.0.
[4] Data from the Wikipedia page https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_nickel, CC BY-SA 4.0.
[5] Data from the Wikipedia page https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_aluminum, CC BY-SA 4.0.
[6] Data from the Wikipedia page https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_sodium, CC BY-SA 4.0.
[7] Data from the Wikipedia page https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_fluorine, CC BY-SA 4.0.
[8] Anderson, Carl D. (1933). "The Positive Electron". Physical Review 43 (6): 491–494. DOI:10.1103/PhysRev.43.491

0:00 Antimatter Producing Banana
1:12 Beta+ Decay
2:11 Annihilation Radiation
2:32 Detected Antimatter
3:20 Radiacode Sponsorship
4:49 How Much Antimatter?
6:10 Specific Isotopes

https://youtu.be/ZOTsDmeM0No?si=5-5q-0jl3Si281AX

A special thanks to RadiaCode for sponsoring today's video. Their useful geiger counters can be bought at https://www.radiacode.com/products. This very banan...

27/11/2025

https://youtu.be/GYwped6aKxU?si=zdXLgB7awXGY9zHH

A major eruption in Africa has left behind a brand new 1,300 foot wide explosion crater along with two smaller 500+ foot wide craters. Yet, unexpectedly, a new more than 2,000 foot wide crater formed at the Erta Ale volcano to the north as this section unexpectedly subsided. Whether this could be linked to new or past magma movement is uncertain. Today's video will discuss the November 23rd eruption of the Hayli Gubbi volcano and the November 25th pit crater formation at the Erta Ale volcano. This video was made by a geologist and volcanologist.

Thumbnail Photo Credit: Seifegebreil Shifferaw, Used with Permission. This image shows the newly formed 1,300+ foot wide explosion crater which formed during Hayli Gubbi's November 23rd 2025 eruption.

A special thanks to both Seifegebreil Shifferaw and the ExtremePursuit YouTube channel!

Note: The level of danger at or near the Hayli Gubbi eruption site is uncertain. However, I do not like uncertainty, and because of this I am asking people to avoid the site as it could theoretically have some notable dangers present (such as a risk of secondary explosions occurring in pyroclastic flow deposits, or the risk of Hayli Gubbi erupting again even if the lack of new heat signatures on satellite data currently might suggest otherwise).

NASA EOSDIS Worldview satellite imagery Copyright © 2012-2025 United States Government as represented by the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. All Rights Reserved.
Associated license for NASA EOSDIS Worldview: https://github.com/nasa-gibs/worldview/blob/main/LICENSE.md

We acknowledge the use of imagery provided by services from NASA's Global Imagery Browse Services (GIBS), part of NASA's Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS).

We acknowledge the use of imagery from the NASA Worldview application (https://worldview.earthdata.nasa.gov/), part of the NASA Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS)

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Google Earth imagery used in this video: ©Google & Data Providers

This video is protected under "fair use". If you see an image and/or video which is your own in this video, and/or think my discussion of a scientific paper (and/or discussion/mentioning of the data/information within a scientific paper) does not fall under the fair use doctrine, and wish for it to be censored or removed, contact me by email at [email protected] and I will make the necessary changes.

Various licenses used in sections of this video (not the entire video, this video as a whole does not completely fall under one of these licenses) and/or in this video's thumbnail image (and this list does not include every license used in this video and/or thumbnail image):
Public Domain: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/

Sources/Citations:
[1] NASA Worldview, EOSDIS Worldview, (Satellite imagery: Terra / MODIS, Aqua / MODIS, NOAA-20 / VIIRS, NOAA-21 / VIIRS), (Thermal signatures: Terra / MODIS, NOAA-20 / VIIRS, Aqua / MODIS), at https://worldview.earthdata.nasa.gov/

0:00 Hayli Gubbi Craters
0:32 Subsidence Cracks
2:49 Possible Dangers
3:49 Sub-Plinian Eruption Patterns
4:31 Erta Ale Collapse

https://youtu.be/GYwped6aKxU?si=zdXLgB7awXGY9zHH

A major eruption in Africa has left behind a brand new 1,300 foot wide explosion crater along with two smaller 500+ foot wide craters. Yet, unexpectedly, a n...

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