08/06/2022
spotlight: Chaga (Inonotus obliquus)
π Not typically what you'd think of when you hear the word "mushroom", on first glance this could easily be mistaken as apart of the trunk of a tree.
π Parasitic in nature, grows primarily on birch trees in cold climate within the northern hemisphere. Due to it's bitter taste, the mushroom is typically consumed as a powdered or liquid extract rather than in cuisine.
π The word "chaga" is derived from the Russian word (ΡΠ°Π³Π°, czaga) for fungus and it is in fact a clump of (sclerotium). It's dark colour is a result of the high concentrations of melanin residing in the mycelial mass, turning the exterior surface of the fungus black when exposed to sunlight whilst the inside remains bright orange.
π Traditionally it has been purported to be a potent medicinal with several identified bioactive compounds that could treat a variety of diseases:
π‘ Ichimura, T. et al. (1998) demonstrated that water-soluble lignin-derivatives from chaga extract substantially inhibited protease activity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) by 50%.
π‘ Ham, S. S. et al. (2009) observed substantial antimutagenic activity from subfractions of chaga extractions with upwards of 70-87% inhibition on the mutagenic activity of a salmonella typhimurium strain.
π‘ Chung, M. J (2010) identified these subfractions to contain the bioactive molecules 3Ξ²-hydroxyl-lanosta-8,24-dien-21-al, inotodial and lanosterol, which have been found to also have potent antioxidant effects as well as anticancer effects. In fact, their study shows that the cytotoxic activity of these compounds against various cancer cell lines significantly inhibited tumor growths by up to 33%.
π‘ Sun, J. E. et al. (2008) identified chaga extract as a potential therapeutic for type-2 diabetes, with antihyperglycemic and antilipidperoxidative effects. Diabetic mice were treated with chaga extract, demonstrating upwards of ~16% blood gluocose level reductions within 7 days.
β A further reduction ~30% was observed after 3 weeks of administration. It was also determined that the extract decreased serum contents of free fatty acid (FFA), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C; the bad kind of cholesterol).
β Amazingly, histological morphology examination showed that the extract restored the damage of pancreas tissues in the diabetic mice.
π‘ Lastly, Arata, S. et al. (2016) have shown that continuous intake of chaga mushroom aqueous extract in mice over a period of 3 weeks suppressed tumor growth by 60% and maintained the temperature of mice after implantation of tumours.
π There is a myriad of research demonstrating the potential therapeutic benefits of the chaga mushroom. Although these studies are mainly in vitro or in animal models, the future looks extremely promising for it's use in humans.