04/24/2013
What is the difference between Conventional and Wireline Coring?
Wireline core drilling is a special type of core drilling, most commonly used for minerals exploration. Unlike some types of drilling, the aim of core drilling is not to make a hole, but to retrieve a core sample- a long solid cylinder of rock that geologists can analyse to determine the composition of rock under the ground.
A core drill string is a series of connected long hollow tubes (called rods or pipes), with a barrel at the end connected to a special cutting bit at the bottom of the hole. As the drill moves further into the earth, the driller adds rods onto the end, lengthening the drill string.
Diamond-impregnated core bits are the most commonly-used bits in core drilling because they are powerful and long-wearing.
Different bits are used depending on the type of rock to be drilled. There are two characteristics of bits- the pieces of cutting material and the surrounding material, called the matrix. Bits are self-sharpening; as a bit is used, the matrix gradually wears away to expose more of the cutting material.
For hard rock, diamonds are used in a soft matrix, so that plenty of cutting material is exposed. For softer rock, a less expensive cutting material (e.g. tungsten carbide chips) can be used, with a harder matrix so that the bit lasts longer. The driller determines the type of bit to be used depending on the drilling conditions.
As the driller rotates the drill string, downward pressure and abrasion from the bit cuts into the rock, pushing core into the core barrel. This process creates a lot of friction and heat, so a flushing medium is used to cool the bit, lubricate the core, remove the loose bits of rock (called the cuttings), and help stabilize the hole. Water, soluble oil or drilling mud can be used.
The driller is lifting the inner tube out of the hole using the lifting device. So far, we've described the features of core drilling. What makes wireline drilling special is the method of removing the core.
When the driller wants to remove core from a conventional core drill, the entire core barrel has to be removed from the hole. This is time-consuming, as each rod has to be removed one at a time.
With wireline drilling, a barrel of core can be removed from the bottom of the hole without removing the rod string. When the driller wants to remove the core, an overshot is lowered on the end of a wireline. The overshot attaches to the back of the core barrel inner tube and the wireline is pulled back and the inner tube disengages itself from the barrel.