05/11/2021
The DC system in the stations is chargers + batteries.
Inside each station is a battery room conversion station, with acid battery sets (alkaline at some stations used to feed prevention and emergency services (220/110 volts) as well as communications circuits (48 volts).
Batteries are periodically tested, including measuring internal resistance, measuring column voltage and battery fluid concentration.
At some stations, all batteries are located in one room, and in some stations each battery set is located in a separate room, and a separate room is allocated for battery charger chargers, and is not placed with the battery room so as not to be affected by gases coming out of the batteries.
Many of the devices inside the stations are controllers or protective devices that operate in the continuous current and not the AC, and when isolating the station from the electrical grid the batteries are the only source of current available and therefore should take care of the maintenance of the batteries and ensure their powers.
Because of the importance of these systems, battery capacity is always taken into account to be sufficient to operate the plant for at least 8 consecutive hours.
When calculating the size of the plant's batteries before starting these calculations, you should know the types of loads that feed on batteries and the duration of each load. In general, the station has three types of loads from the battery point of view:
Connected loads such as lighting loads, communication devices and internal radios as well as Continuous charged coils, which are battery-related loads connected to the battery also connected to the charger.
Loads run intermittently non continuous loads and at unspecified times, some of which are automatically separated and some may continue after running for long periods such as ventilation loads, emergency bulbs, fire systems etc.
Loads that work lightning-fast momentary loads (briefly) but they are loads as high as the start-up car. annunciators load
Here we will present a simplified picture of battery size calculations, note that the standard specifications -1115-IEEE 2000 give a detailed method and take into account many factors such as the obsolescence of battery life, temperatures and others.
We also point out at the beginning that the battery capacity changes according to the value of the current withdrawn, the battery capacity of 100AH does not give as some imagine 20 amps for 5 hours, or 10 amps for 10 hours, this is a common mistake but the available capacity of the battery changes according to the value of the current withdrawn from it and therefore the following factors are frequently used
Capacity rating factor,Kt=(Nominal Capacity (AH))/(Performance (Amp))
We also note that the number of cells is calculated from the knowledge of the lowest effort allowed to descend to it divided by the least effort reached by the cell, for example if the nominal voltage of the station is 220 volts (DC) but allows to descend up to 198 volts, if h is the lowest effort per cell up to 1.0767, the number of cells is calculated from the following equation:
No.of cells=(min allawable system voltage)/(end cell voltage)=198/1.076=184Cell
Transferred from the book of electrical power engineering by Dr. Mahmoud Al-Jilani