Metallurgical engineering

09/08/2026

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08/08/2026

🚀 Webinar: Future Materials, Real Performance — Mechanical Testing of Advanced Composites

Speaker: Mohammed Kallery, Asst. Manager – Sales & Marketing Dept., Shimadzu Middle East & Africa Dubai office

Date: 2 September 2026

Time: 02:00 PM GST

Registration link: https://register.gotowebinar.com/register/6874006416521303134

This session will explore key mechanical testing methods for advanced composites, including tensile, compression, flexural, and interlaminar shear testing, along with best practices and common challenges in composite characterization.

04/08/2026

Stainless Steel

03/08/2026

Japanese Precision. Trusted Across Industries. | Shimadzu Universal Testing Machines

From R&D laboratories to production floors, Shimadzu Universal Testing Machines help engineers and quality professionals evaluate the performance of metals, plastics, packaging materials, composites, rubber, textiles, medical devices, adhesives, and many other materials with exceptional confidence.

Trusted by R&D engineers, quality managers, production teams, testing laboratories, and manufacturers worldwide, Shimadzu combinesmore than 100 years of Japanese engineering excellence with industry-leading accuracy, precision, and long-term reliability—delivering results you can trust, test after test

For queries, please fill up the form : https://forms.cloud.microsoft/r/kQZXytBvnH

01/08/2026

🔍 𝐖𝐡𝐲 𝐃𝐨 𝐏𝐞𝐫𝐟𝐞𝐜𝐭-𝐋𝐨𝐨𝐤𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐂𝐚𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐬 𝐒𝐨𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐞𝐬 𝐅𝐚𝐢𝐥? | 𝐒𝐡𝐢𝐦𝐚𝐝𝐳𝐮 𝐗-𝐑𝐚𝐲 𝐂𝐓 𝐒𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦

A casting may look flawless on the outside, yet hidden defects such as porosity, shrinkage cavities, and internal voids can compromise its strength, fatigue life, and long-term reliability.

That's where the Shimadzu InspeXio™ 7000 X-Ray CT System makes a difference. By providing non-destructive 3D inspection, it enables engineers to visualize internal structures without cutting or damaging the component—helping identify hidden defects early, improve manufacturing processes, reduce scrap, and make more confident quality decisions.

Whether you're involved in metallurgy, foundry operations, automotive, aerospace, additive manufacturing, or failure analysis, X-ray CT is becoming an essential tool for modern quality assurance.

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Form : https://forms.cloud.microsoft/r/kQZXytBvnH

30/07/2026

Electron Specimen Interactions

28/07/2026

Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)

A Transmission Electron Microscope is a powerful microscopy technique that uses a beam of electrons transmitted through an ultra-thin specimen to form an image.

How it works:
• An electron gun generates a focused beam of electrons.
• Electrons pass through a very thin sample.
• Interactions between the electrons and the sample create an image.
• The image is magnified and focused onto a fluorescent screen or a digital camera.

Key features:
• High resolution: TEM can resolve details as small as 0.1 nanometers (much finer than light microscopes).
• Magnification: Up to 1,000,000x or more.
• Sample type: Requires ultra-thin specimens (typically less than 100 nm thick).
• Applications: Material science, biology, nanotechnology, metallurgy, and semiconductor analysis.

Components:
• Electron gun
• Condenser lenses
• Specimen holder
• Objective lenses
• Projector lenses
• Fluorescent screen or camera

Advantages:
• Very high resolution and magnification.
• Ability to see internal structures at atomic or molecular scale.

Limitations:
• Requires vacuum conditions.
• Samples must be extremely thin and specially prepared.
• Samples must withstand electron beam (may cause damage).

28/07/2026

27/07/2026

Microstructure of FeS corrosion product on a carbon steel specimen.

🎥

27/07/2026

The Iron–Iron Carbide (Fe–Fe3C) Phase Diagram

In their simplest form, steels are alloys of Iron (Fe) and
Carbon (C). The Fe-C phase diagram is a fairly complex
one, but we will only consider the steel part of the diagram,
up to around 7% Carbon.

Phases in Fe–Fe3C Phase Diagram

α-ferrite - solid solution of C in BCC Fe
• Stable form of iron at room temperature.
• The maximum solubility of C is 0.022 wt%
• Transforms to FCC γ-austenite at 912 °C

γ-austenite - solid solution of C in FCC Fe
• The maximum solubility of C is 2.14 wt %.
• Transforms to BCC δ-ferrite at 1395 °C
• Is not stable below the eutectoid temperature
(727 ° C) unless cooled rapidly (Chapter 10)

δ-ferrite solid solution of C in BCC Fe
• The same structure as α-ferrite
• Stable only at high T, above 1394 °C
• Melts at 1538 °C

Fe3C (iron carbide or cementite)
• This intermetallic compound is metastable, it
remains as a compound indefinitely at room T, but
decomposes (very slowly, within several years)
into α-Fe and C (graphite) at 650 - 700 °C

A few comments on Fe–Fe3C system
1. C is an interstitial impurity in Fe. It forms a solid solution
with α, γ, δ phases of iron
2. Maximum solubility in BCC α-ferrite is limited (max.
0.022 wt% at 727 °C) - BCC has relatively small interstitial
positions
3. Maximum solubility in FCC austenite is 2.14 wt% at 1147
°C - FCC has larger interstitial positions
4. Mechanical properties: Cementite is very hard and brittle -
can strengthen steels. Mechanical properties also depend
on the microstructure, that is, how ferrite and cementite are
mixed.
5. Magnetic properties: α -ferrite is magnetic below 768 °C,
austenite is non-magnetic