Kimia Sanatara Co.

Kimia Sanatara Co. شرکت کیمیای صنعت آرا در سال ۱۳۸۳ و با هدف تولید تجهیزات و فروش دستگاههای آنالیز حرارتی تاسیس گردید.

We have partnered with some of the world’s leading brands, bringing the best quality home to help empower clinical and industrial laboratories make more accurate decisions and improve laboratory performance in diverse fields such as Medical, Pharmaceutical, University studies, Food and Beverage and Industrial through Iran. Due to our strong endorsement, the technical support offers after-sale serv

ices on all our products to ensure that clients receive true value from their investment to operate effectively, efficiently and economically. Our vision is to be the best at understanding and satisfying the needs of our purchasers, evolving partnerships and mutual growth with our clients and suppliers. Establishing and co-operating with professional and pioneer companies is most welcome.

Top 7 Thermoplastics in Automotive ManufacturingThermoplastic materials have enjoyed increasing popularity in automotive...
06/08/2020

Top 7 Thermoplastics in Automotive Manufacturing

Thermoplastic materials have enjoyed increasing popularity in automotive manufacturing. Current environmental and economic concerns additionally raise the awareness of the various advantages of the material. Learn which materials are the most popular in today’s cars.

November 14, 2019 by Milena Riedl

Thermoplastic materials have enjoyed increasing popularity in automotive manufacturing. Current environmental and economic concerns additionally raise the awareness of the various advantages of the material. The targets to lower fuel consumption and thus, to reduce carbon dioxide emissions can be achieved by using more and more lightweight materials like thermoplastics in today’s cars.

Thermoplastics boast several benefits for automotive manufacturing
Due to their low weight, thermoplastics are a popular material in the automotive industry. It allows for substitutional freedom in the design of parts and components allowing the development of forms that would not be possible with any other material. Additionally, the integration of different functionalities such as sensors or electric wiring provides many opportunities for the automotive industry. This, in turn, influences the economic benefits of using thermoplastics. By integrating functions into a thermoplastic part, the assembly costs decrease leading to an overall beneficial effect on productivity.

Here are the Top 7:

PP, PUR, PE, PA, ABS, PVC, PC

Fig-1

PP (Polypropylene)

Most thermoplastic parts and components in the automotive industry are made of polypropylene. The material boasts several advantages including improved strength, stiffness and temperature capabilities. Therefore, it is prevailingly used for automotive bumpers and battery boxes. The material is further extremely chemically resistant, which allows the use in chemical tanks in under the hood applications.

PUR (Polyurethane)

Polyurethanes feature a variety of properties. They appear flexible and soft or rigid and hard in the automotive industry. The material is highly abrasion resistant but lacks favorable properties when in contact with sunlight or organic solvents. Insulation materials in cars are mainly made of rigid polyurethane foams due to their low heat transfer and good cost-effectiveness. Flexible polyurethanes are used for seating applications.

PE (Polyethylene)

This thermoplastic offers a wide range of properties depending on its production processes. Due to its high impact and moisture resistance, it is used for car bodies (glass reinforced) and electrical insulation applications.

PA (Polyamide)

Around 12% of thermoplastic parts and components in the automotive industry are manufactured from polyamide. The material (reinforced by fiberglass) is mainly used for applications under the engine hood as the material absorbs water easily. Thus, the material is not suitable for applications in which dimensional stability is strictly required.

ABS (Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer)

The styrene included in this durable thermoplastic gives the material a shiny and impervious surface. A wide range of modifications to ABS can improve toughness, heat, and impact resistance. The material can be found in the car interior like dashboards, covers, and linings.

PVC (Polyvinyl chloride)

Polyvinyl chloride is either rigid or flexible depending on the amount and type of plasticizers used. Due to its good resistance to chemicals and good thermal stability, the material is used for chemical tanks and internal linings and coatings of electric cables in vehicles.

PC (Polycarbonate)

The material has the lowest share of the top 7 thermoplastics in automotive manufacturing. The transparency levels of PC are almost as good as in PMMA, but PC has a superior scratch and shatter resistance. Thus, the material is preferred for headlamp lenses and security screens in automobiles.

Other

PMMA, PS, POM, ASA, and PBT are categorized as other as their individual shares are significantly lower than any other thermoplastic material in automotive manufacturing. The materials have different advantages and disadvantages, but can be found in specific under the hood parts and components like housings, gears, and valves.

Thermal properties are decisive factors in automotive applications
The thermal properties of polymers play a decisive role in the development and material selection process of automotive parts and components. Easy and fast determination of these properties is the key to achieve a competitive position in the automotive industry. Read more on the use of thermal analysis instrumentation to analyze materials for the use of your parts and components.

06/08/2020

How to Analyze Automotive Thermoplastic Parts for Failure

Thermoplastic parts can fail. This is no secret. However, when it has happened it is crucial to find out the reason for the failure of a part. Here is a shortlist of thermal analysis techniques and which questions they can answer in your failure analysis.

February 13, 2020 by Milena Riedl

Thermoplastic parts can fail. This is no secret. However, when it has happened it is crucial to find out the reason for the failure of a part. Then, removing the cause of the defect takes priority.

For the analysis of the cause of failure of injection-molded thermoplastic parts, a superior level of expertise in material science, production methods, and analytical instrumentation is required. There is a wide array of failure scenarios that can occur. Possibilities range from misuse and unintentional service conditions to design faults, molding issues, stress, overload, and degradation.

Thermal analysis instruments are powerful tools for failure analysis. Here is a shortlist of thermal analysis techniques and which questions they can answer in your failure analysis:

Differential Scanning Calorimetry
+Was the material contaminated with a different material?
+Did the supplier provide the correct material composition for my thermoplastic part?
+What is the crystallinity of the material? Is there any potential for post-crystallization?

Thermogravimetric Analysis
+Was the material filled with the right amount of fillers, plasticizer, and modifiers?
+Was the material thermally stable to withstand service temperatures?
+Did the material absorbs water?

Thermomechanical Analysis
+Did the material changes its dimensions at service temperatures?
+Was there residual stress in the molded part?

Dynamic-Mechanical Analysis
+Did the material has the same mechanical properties at service temperatures?
+Did the material degrades at a faster rate than anticipated?
+Did the material loses its mechanical properties due to liquid interactions?

These few questions give you a short overview of the wide field of questions in failure analysis that can be answered with thermal analysis instrumentation.

How Water Influences the Mechanical Properties of Polymers:Why is water a problem for a part made of thermoplastics? Tex...
06/08/2020

How Water Influences the Mechanical Properties of Polymers:

Why is water a problem for a part made of thermoplastics? Textbooks describe that the water uptake for some types of polyamide (PA) is really high in both 50% relative humidity and in water. This alone would not be the problem, but the uptake of water leads to very different properties of materials. How can dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) help with this issue?

April 2, 2020 by Milena Riedl

First, let’s tackle the question of why water is a problem for a part made of thermoplastics. Textbooks describe that the water uptake for some types of polyamide (PA) is really high in both 50% relative humidity and in water.

This alone would not be the problem, but the uptake of water leads to very different properties of materials. For instance, the modulus of polyamide (PA) decreases up to 66% in a humid atmosphere. Thus, knowing the loss of stiffness of thermoplastic material is essential in constructing polymer parts.

How can dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) help with this issue?

DMA in theory

In this method, a sinusoidal force (stress) is applied to the sample as input. This results in a sinusoidal deformation (strain) as output. From both parameters, the modulus can be calculated, which refers to the stiffness of the material.

But we can find out even more about the material by means of a DMA measurement!

Let’s take the example of a man who has a ball in his hand. He drops the ball on the floor, but the ball will not come back to the original height of the man’s hand. This illustrates that the material exerts different behaviors. The stored energy that remains in the ball to come back up from the ground is related to the storage modulus E´. The missing height that the ball does not jump up is related to the dissipated energy associated with the loss modulus (E“). In the end, we also get information on the damping behavior of the material.

Figure 1: Storage and loss modulus

In the following examples, it is mostly referred to as the storage modulus, because this parameter is most closely related to the stiffness of the material and thus most important in the construction of a polymer part.

Example 1: Polyamide 6 under a humid atmosphere :
The measurement was conducted with a DMA 242 E Artemis combined with a humidity generator. The relative humidity is applied in the furnace, which allows for the measurement of the dynamic mechanical properties of a material under humidity.

A PA 6 sample was measured at a frequency of 1 Hz and a temperature of 40°C in tension mode. The relative humidity was stepwise increased from 0% to 75% over time. The stiffness (described by the storage modulus E’) of the material was measured in these relative humidity steps. It is clearly visible that the stiffness of the material decreases with the increase in relative humidity. At 50% relative humidity, the storage modulus decreased by approximately 74%.

Figure 2: DMA measurement of a PA 6 sample in tension mode

Example 2: Polyurethane in an immersion bath
For this example, the DMA 242 E Artemis was equipped with an immersion bath, which is a container made of steel that can be applied to the sample holder. It is applicable for all sample holders and deformation modes of the DMA 242 E Artemis.

Polyurethane (PU) was measured at several frequencies, at a temperature of 25°C and in tension mode. In figure 3, it becomes clearly visible at what point the water was added into the container. There is a decrease in storage modulus over the time the water was in contact with the material. The decrease is significant and amounts to about 17%.

Figure 3: DMA measurement with an immersion bath on a PU sample

The effect of humidity or liquids on materials needs to be kept in mind when constructing polymer parts for different applications. If a part is designed with the original stiffness of the material, the part is likely to fail in its application environment. This can be avoided by testing the dynamic mechanical properties under service conditions by means of dynamic mechanical analysis.

Did you know?

Water uptake often leads to a change in the dimensions of a part. TMA equipped with a humidity generator may help assess the length change under a humid atmosphere

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