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MIR - Medical International Research

Groundbreaking solutions for Spirometry, Oximetry, Telemedicine.

MIR - Medical International Research - was established in 1993 and it is now considered a global partner able to promote innovation and to be a landmark thanks to its advanced technology, software and Telemedicine application.

26/10/2026

🌊 Why can’t we breathe underwater if water has oxygen?

If we asked you to pick a superpower, how many of you would choose to be able to breathe underwater? But come to think of it: if water contains oxygen, why can’t we breathe it? The answer lies in our physiology.

Water molecules contain oxygen atoms, but there’s a catch: the oxygen in H₂O is chemically bound to hydrogen and isn’t available for us to breathe. Also, algae, kelp and other aquatic organisms release oxygen through photosynthesis, and some of that oxygen dissolves in water. However, compared with air, water contains much less available oxygen and is far denser. Our lungs are designed to exchange gases with air, not to extract dissolved oxygen from water.

🐟 So why can fish do it? Fish don’t break apart H₂O molecules either. Instead, their gills extract dissolved O₂ as water flows across them, because they provide a large surface area for gas exchange and are specifically adapted to absorb oxygen from water. Moreover, most fish are ectothermic, or “cold-blooded”, meaning their oxygen requirements are generally lower from ours. Together, these adaptations allow them to get the oxygen they need underwater.

🐋 What about aquatic mammals? Animals such as dolphins and whales may look a little like fish, but they’re actually mammals, and they have lungs instead of gills. That means they can’t breathe underwater either and need to regularly return to the surface to breathe air through their blowholes. Evolution, however, has made them exceptional divers: marine mammals can store large amounts of oxygen in their blood and muscles and their blowholes shut tightly to prevent water from entering their respiratory system.

How many of these facts did you already know? Share this post with a friend you want to impress with your underwater knowledge!

[SOURCE: National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service]

22/10/2026

💙 Protecting your respiratory health matters for your heart too

Your heart and lungs work as a team: your lungs bring oxygen into the blood and remove carbon dioxide, while your heart pumps oxygen-rich blood throughout your body. But the connection between respiratory and cardiovascular health goes even further.
Some respiratory and heart conditions can cause overlapping symptoms and signs:

🩺 Shortness of breath
🩺 Low blood oxygen saturation
🩺 Fatigue
🩺 Palpitations
🩺 Dizziness or fainting

If you live with a respiratory condition such as asthma or COPD, some of these may already sound familiar, but did you know they can also occur with cardiovascular conditions, including arrhythmias? Research has shown that COPD and cardiovascular disease often coexist and share risk factors such as smoking. The changes in lung function and airflow can put a strain on cardiac function and affecting gas exchange, highlighting how closely the heart and lungs are connected.

So, what can you do to protect your lungs and heart? Paying attention to respiratory symptoms and lung function can be an important part of taking care of your overall health. Spirometry is a simple, non-invasive lung function test used to assess conditions such as asthma and COPD. While it does not test your heart directly, it can provide valuable information about how well your systems are working.

When was your last respiratory check-up? If you have respiratory symptoms or risk factors, talk to a healthcare professional and book your spirometry now.

[SOURCES: NCBI, GOLD]

21/10/2026

🩺 How do you become a pulmonologist?

A pulmonologist is a specialist who assesses, diagnoses and treats diseases affecting the respiratory system. If you live with a chronic respiratory condition such as asthma or COPD, you probably already know this and may have a trusted pulmonologist you regularly see and turn to whenever needed.
But have you ever wondered what kind of training your specialist went through to develop the expertise that helps you breathe better and manage respiratory flare-ups?

The path to becoming one can look quite different depending on where you train.

🇪🇺 Europe
There is no single European pathway: specialist training and certification are regulated nationally and vary from country to country. However, there is a programme promoted by the European Respiratory Society named HERMES (Harmonised Education in Respiratory Medicine for European Specialists) that helps promote shared standards of knowledge and competencies in respiratory medicine at a European level. Its syllabus and educational framework define common areas of knowledge, skills and competencies for respiratory medicine specialists.

🇨🇦 Canada
Respiratory medicine, or Respirology, is a subspecialty of Internal Medicine. After training in Internal Medicine, physicians complete specialist training in Adult Respirology and meet the certification requirements of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada.

🇺🇸 United States
After medical school, physicians complete a three-year Internal Medicine residency, followed by at least two years of fellowship training in Pulmonary Disease. Many also combine Pulmonary Medicine with Critical Care. This combined fellowship requires a minimum of three years of accredited training and can lead to certification in both specialties.

Different systems, same goal: did you know it took this much to gather the experience and skills needed to protect respiratory health?

[SOURCES: ERS, American Board of Internal Medicine, Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada]

14/10/2026

🌬️ What do spirometry parameters mean?

October 14 is World Spirometry Day, an opportunity to reflect on the importance of prevention and awareness when it comes to respiratory health. Spirometry is a quick, non-invasive test used to assess how well the lungs are working which plays an important role in the diagnosis and management of chronic respiratory conditions such as asthma and COPD.

If you are familiar with the exam, you may have seen acronyms such as FEV1 and FVC on your test report. These are among the main parameters physicians use to assess lung function, but what do they mean?

🩺 FVC: how much air you can breathe out. FVC stands for Forced Vital Capacity and it measures the total amount of air you can exhale forcefully after taking the deepest breath possible. A reduced FVC may suggest a restrictive pattern, although additional lung-volume testing is needed to confirm restriction.

🩺 FEV1: how fast you breathe out. FEV1 stands for Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 Second and it measures the amount of air you can forcefully exhale during the first second of the test. A reduced FEV1 can occur in different respiratory conditions and is interpreted together with other spirometry parameters.

🩺 FEV1/FVC ratio: how severe the obstruction is. This ratio compares the amount of air exhaled in the first second with the total amount exhaled during the manoeuvre: a reduced FEV1/FVC ratio is an important indicator of airflow obstruction and can help physicians identify obstructive breathing patterns.

Did you know what these values meant? Next time you have a spirometry test, take a closer look at your report: understanding these parameters can help you better understand how lung function is assessed.

[SOURCES: ERS, NCBI]

07/10/2026

🚭 Willing to quit? Try these 4 strategies

Every smoker knows that quitting may be one of the best health-related decisions of a lifetime, and yet so many attempts to get rid of ci******es fail due to to***co cravings. The hardest part of the journey is, in fact, not only missing the kick derived from ni****ne, but also the familiar gestures so often associated with stress relief and a sense of calm.
So, to quit once and for all, here are 4 strategies to resist and overcome to***co cravings.

🧠 Find out what substitute works for you. If you need to break a habit, replacing it with something healthier is the first step. But what is the best substitute? For some people, simply giving their mouth something to taste may work: chewing gum, a healthy snack, or a mint may do the trick. But for those with a more serious cigarette addiction, ni****ne-replacement products may be necessary. Talk to your physician about the best strategy to quit ni****ne, whether it means taking it one step at a time or stopping all at once.

🧠 Know your triggers and make a plan. Sometimes to***co cravings are a response to stress or other external stimuli, such as gathering with friends during a coffee break. Keep track of what happens when you start longing for a cigarette and set up a support system to help you recognize and resist the urge. If no one around you is able to help, counseling is also an option.

🧠 Distract yourself until the craving passes. As strong as a craving may be, it usually lasts no longer than a few minutes. Give yourself 10 minutes, maybe set an alarm, and resist for that long. Don’t cave in: a single cigarette or puff can put your progress at risk.

🧠 Find new ways to relax. The problem with cigarette addiction is that, more often than not, it’s linked to stress relief. Remember that there are other ways to relax: meditation and yoga may work for some, while others may need something more physical, like walking or swimming. Find your stress reliever and embrace it.

Are you trying to quit, or do you know someone who would like to? Save and share this content for future reference!

[SOURCE: Mayo Clinic]

02/10/2026

💉 Flu season is approaching: when is the right time to get vaccinated?

Autumn has officially arrived, and flu season is not far behind. Whether you want to protect your health or simply avoid the aches, fever and fatigue that often come with the flu, vaccination can be an effective way to reduce your risk. But what are the benefits of vaccination, and how long do you have to get your flu shot?

For most people, flu vaccination is recommended every year, ideally before influenza starts circulating widely. In many countries, vaccination campaigns generally begin in early October, but getting vaccinated later in the season can still be beneficial.

For people living with chronic respiratory conditions, such as asthma or COPD, flu vaccination may be particularly important, as influenza can worsen existing respiratory symptoms, trigger attacks or exacerbations, and increase the risk of complications and hospitalisation. Vaccination can help reduce the risk of getting flu and, if infection still occurs, may reduce its severity. Just remember to talk to your doctor first, as different types of flu vaccines have different precautions: for example, the live attenuated nasal spray vaccine is generally not recommended for some people with asthma or other underlying medical conditions.

Always seek medical advice before vaccination if:
⚠️ You have experienced an allergic reaction to a previous flu vaccine or one of its components in the past
⚠️ You are moderately or severely unwell at the time (postponing vaccination may be necessary)
⚠️ You suffer from an autoimmune diseases

Protecting yourself from flu also means protecting your respiratory health. Talk to your doctor or healthcare professional to find the vaccination option that is right for you.

[SOURCES: Italian Ministry of Health, WHO, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)]

07/09/2026

🎒 Is your child with asthma starting school? Let us help you prepare!

Whether it’s their very first day or a welcome return to the classroom, having your child with asthma head to school without you can naturally bring some extra concerns. With a little preparation and good communication, however, you can help make their school experience as safe and exciting as it should be.

Here are 3 steps to get ready:

1️⃣ Talk with your doctor. Schedule a visit before school starts to review your child’s asthma management and update their asthma action plan if needed. Make sure specific triggers, such as dust, pollen, cold air or physical activity, are clearly identified so school staff know what to watch for.

2️⃣ Talk with the school. Speak with teachers, the school nurse or other relevant staff about your child’s warning signs and what to do in an emergency. Provide them with a signed copy of the asthma action plan so they know how to respond appropriately. Also check the school’s policy on carrying and using asthma medication. If your child cannot keep their inhaler with them, make sure the appropriate school staff have access to the medication and equipment indicated in their care plan.

3️⃣ Talk with your child. Help your child understand their asthma symptoms and what to do if they start feeling unwell. If they are allowed to carry their own reliever inhaler, make sure it is in date and clearly labelled with their name. They should also know how to use it correctly, according to the instructions provided by their healthcare professional.

Now there’s just one thing left to do: wish you and your child an exciting school year, full of new things to learn... and plenty of healthy breaths along the way!

[SOURCES: Allergy & Asthma Network, American Lung Association]

27/08/2026

🚭 Quitting smoking: 3 myths debunked

It’s always a good time to do something for your respiratory health, and quitting smoking is one of the best decisions you can make. But let us guess: you’ve probably heard scary stories about unbearable stress and unwanted weight gain. Don’t worry, we’re here to debunk some of the most common misconceptions about quitting smoking.

Here are three widespread myths, debunked.

🚬 Myth 1: I’ll gain weight
This myth is linked to the fact that ni****ne can suppress appetite and speed up metabolism. In reality, some people who gain weight after quitting may be replacing ci******es with snacks and treats. By following a balanced diet and staying active, you can reduce the likelihood of gaining weight.

🚬 Myth 2: Hand-rolled to***co is healthier
Let’s be clear: hand-rolled ci******es may be cheaper than branded packs, but that is their only perceived advantage. Roll-ups still expose smokers to thousands of toxic chemicals, many of which are known carcinogens. Ni****ne and tar levels are not necessarily lower than those found in manufactured ci******es and may even be higher, especially when ci******es are smoked without a filter.

🚬 Myth 3: My stress levels will rise
This belief comes from the seemingly relaxing feeling of smoking a cigarette after a long, hectic day. However, ni****ne is highly addictive. Smoking temporarily relieves the discomfort caused by ni****ne withdrawal, which can create the impression that ci******es reduce stress. In reality, ni****ne addiction can place the body under additional stress, and people who quit smoking often report lower stress levels over time. Once the withdrawal period has passed, you’re likely to feel much better.

Did you find this post useful? Like it and share it with someone who wants to quit smoking for good!

[SOURCE: NHSInform]

07/08/2026

🏔️ Do you have asthma? Head to the mountains this summer!

What if your holiday could be more than just a chance to relax, but also an opportunity to finally breathe more freely? Mountain air can be a valuable ally for people living with asthma every day.

In lowland areas and cities, pollution and allergens tend to build up more easily in the air, increasing the likelihood of asthma symptoms and allergic reactions. In the mountains, however, environmental and climate conditions may be more favourable for people with respiratory conditions: at higher altitudes, the air is less dense and humid, generally cooler and less polluted, partly thanks to the presence of forests. A real breath of fresh air for your lungs!

But what is the ideal altitude? According to researchers, the most beneficial conditions are generally found between 1,500 and 2,000 metres, where adapting to altitude is also easier. Above 2,000 metres, however, the air may become too thin.

✨ 5 golden rules for a mountain holiday:

1️⃣ Have a respiratory check-up before travelling to assess your current lung health and identify the most suitable altitude for you
2️⃣ Follow your treatment plan consistently and bring all your prescribed medication with you
3️⃣ Always keep your rescue inhaler close at hand, especially when hiking or visiting remote areas
4️⃣ Approach physical activity gradually: start at a lower intensity and increase it little by little
5️⃣ Be prepared for lower temperatures: wear suitable clothing and pay attention to any respiratory symptoms

How are your holidays going? Don’t forget to take care of your lungs, even when you’re taking time off!

[SOURCES: Pediatric Pulmonology, Humanits Materdomini]

03/08/2026

🧠 Learn to read your emotions: your breathing can teach you!

How deep can emotions run? Deep enough to change your body's physiological patterns! Emotions can directly activate the autonomic nervous system, influencing the way you breathe.
Here's a quick guide to how and why it happens.

🌬️ Anxiety and Fear: rapid, shallow, or erratic breathing. This is your body's way of lowering CO₂ levels in the blood, making the brain's emotional center more reactive. If you're wondering, yes, it's rooted in the fight-or-flight response.

🌬️ Anger: tense, forceful breathing. Once again, the fight-or-flight response is at work. Your body takes sharp inhalations to increase oxygen intake, building physical tension and making you more alert and ready for a quick physical reaction.

🌬️ Sadness: sighing, longer exhalations, or restricted breathing. Besides reflecting a feeling of heaviness in the chest, sighing is a subconscious reflex that helps reset your breathing pattern and relieve emotional stress.

🌬️ Happiness and Joy: full, deep, and steady breathing. When you're feeling good, your respiratory system reflects that sense of calm and balance.

The best part? It's a two-way street! Because breathing and the brain are connected through a constant feedback loop, you can use specific breathing techniques to help your nervous system relax. Slow, deep, and rhythmic breaths activate the parasympathetic nervous system, lowering your heart rate and reducing stress.

How are you feeling today? Your breathing can tell!

[SOURCES: MassGeneral Hospital, Harvard Health, Psychology Today]

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