07/09/2024
- ក្នុងជំពូកទី ៩ [ Serviceability] ទំព័រទី ៤៦២ សៀវភៅ Reinforced Concrete Mechanics & Design របស់លោក James K. Wight បានពណ៍នាអំពីបាតុភូត និងសម្រុតអនុញ្ញាតិ្ដនៃអង្គគ្រឿងបង្គុំបញ្ឍរ ។
- ក្នុងជំពូកទី ៧ [ Premilitary Calculations to Ensure Validity of Computer Analysis ] កម្រាស់ ១៣៤ ទំព័រ សៀវភៅ Tall Building Design របស់លោក Bungale S. Taranath
- ក្នុងជំពូកទី ១៨ [ Creep, Shrinkage and Temperature Effects] កម្រាស់ ១៧ ទំព័រ សៀវភៅ Tall Buildings Structure Analysis and Design របស់លោក Bryan Stafford Smith & Alex Coull
- ក្នុងជំពូកទី ១១ [ Time-dependent Behavior ] កម្រាស់ ១៧ ទំព័រ សៀវភៅ Tall Buildings របស់ The Concrete Centre and Federation international du beton
- ក្នុងសៀវភៅ [ Column Shortening in Tall Strctures-Prediction and compensation] កម្រាស់ ៣៨ ទំព័រ របស់លោក Mark Fintel, S. K. Ghosh, and Hal lyengar មានសេចក្ដីពន្យល់អំពី បាតុភូត និងការគណនាភាពរួញរបស់អង្គគ្រឿងបង្គុំបញ្ឍរនៃការសិក្សាអគារខ្ពល់ ។
យោងតាមឯកសារ ដែលបានផ្សាយក្នុង JORNAL ធំៗនៃការសិក្សាអគារខ្ពល់ [ High-Rise Building > 60 Floors] បានផ្ដល់សេចក្ដីណែនាំ អំពីការគិតគូររាប់បញ្ចូល ការគណនាភាពរួញរបស់អង្គគ្រឿងផ្គុំបញ្ឍរ ដើម្បីធានាសុវត្ថិភាពអគារ ។
Axial shortening in high-rise buildings refers to the vertical compression of columns or core walls due to the cumulative effects of applied loads, such as dead load, live load, and long-term factors like creep and shrinkage. This phenomenon is especially significant in tall buildings because the columns, which are long and subjected to heavy loads, undergo deformation over time.
Key Factors Influencing Axial Shortening:
Material Properties:
Concrete Creep and Shrinkage: Concrete tends to undergo creep (long-term deformation under sustained load) and shrinkage (volume reduction due to moisture loss), leading to axial shortening.
Steel Elasticity: In composite columns or steel-framed structures, the elasticity of steel members also contributes to axial shortening.
Load Distribution:
The higher the load on a column, the greater the axial shortening. Dead loads, such as the building’s own weight, and live loads from occupants or wind forces, are common contributors.
Building Height:
Taller buildings experience more significant axial shortening due to the cumulative effect of loads over greater heights.
Construction Sequence:
Differential axial shortening may occur due to the staggered nature of high-rise construction. For example, columns supporting higher floors might experience less shortening than those below, due to differences in the timing of load application.
Impacts of Axial Shortening:
Structural Misalignment: The shortening of certain columns or core walls can lead to differential movements between structural members, resulting in misalignment of floors, curtain walls, and facades.
Damage to Non-structural Components: Differential shortening can cause cracking in partitions, cladding, and finishes.
Elevator and Mechanical Systems: Vertical systems like elevators may be affected by the slight shift in height between floors.
Mitigating Axial Shortening:
Material Selection: Using high-performance concrete with low creep and shrinkage properties can help reduce axial shortening.
Compensation Techniques: In some cases, compensation is made by constructing the columns to be slightly taller initially, to account for future shortening. Adjustable connectors may also be used in non-structural elements to accommodate movement.
Column and Core Stiffening: Increasing the stiffness of columns and core walls through larger cross-sectional areas or additional reinforcement reduces the amount of shortening.
Differential Shortening Management: Careful structural analysis during the design phase helps to predict and account for differential axial shortening, ensuring minimal disruption to the overall structure.
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