Electronic Interconnect Engineering - EIE

Electronic Interconnect Engineering - EIE Electronic Interconnect Engineering (EIE) is based on providing turnkey
& reliable engineering solutions.

Demo Circuit for Over-Voltage ProtectionOver-voltage protection circuits are used to protect voltage-sensitive loads. Vo...
30/07/2025

Demo Circuit for Over-Voltage Protection
Over-voltage protection circuits are used to protect voltage-sensitive loads. Voltage transients may occur due to a number of reasons such as transformer switching, load switching, and short/open circuit in rectifier and regulator circuit. Such transients can affect proper functioning of an electronic circuit or even damage it. Hence it is necessary to use an over-voltage protection circuit to protect expensive loads against all the sources of voltage transients.

FOR ENGINEERING SERVICES CONTACT
ELECTRONIC INTERCONNECT ENGINEERING (EIE).
Phone: +92 310 5387843
Email: [email protected]
Website: eiengineering.pk

I3C vs I2C vs SPI ComparisonFOR ENGINEERING SERVICES CONTACT ELECTRONIC INTERCONNECT ENGINEERING (EIE).Phone: +92 310 53...
29/07/2025

I3C vs I2C vs SPI Comparison

FOR ENGINEERING SERVICES CONTACT
ELECTRONIC INTERCONNECT ENGINEERING (EIE).
Phone: +92 310 5387843
Email: [email protected]
Website: eiengineering.pk

Get your dreams functional with EIE.FOR ENGINEERING SERVICES CONTACT ELECTRONIC INTERCONNECT ENGINEERING (EIE).Phone: +9...
28/07/2025

Get your dreams functional with EIE.

FOR ENGINEERING SERVICES CONTACT
ELECTRONIC INTERCONNECT ENGINEERING (EIE).
Phone: +92 310 5387843
Email: [email protected]
Website: eiengineering.pk

Automatic Temperature Controlled FanCircuit descriptionThe circuit of automatic temperature controlled fan is build arou...
26/07/2025

Automatic Temperature Controlled Fan
Circuit description
The circuit of automatic temperature controlled fan is build around temperature transducer AD590 followed by operational amplifier LM324. AD590 is a temperature transducer, change temperature into corresponding voltage. The output of transducer is given to pin 2 of IC2 LM324. The two reference voltage is given to pin 6 and pin 10 through variable resistor VR1 and VR2 respectively. The value of these variable resistor is fixed according to operating temperature (i.e. RL1 energized when temperature is above 300C and RL2 energized when temperature is below 230C). The output is taken from pin 7 and pin 8 which further given to base of transistor T1 and T2 through resistor R5 and R6 respectively. Transistor T1 and T2 is used as relay driver transistor. The two input is given from two different stage of regulator.
Power supply Circuit:- The primary AC voltage is step down to 12 – 0 – 12 by using transformer X1 which further rectified using bridge rectifier (D1 through D4). The rectified output is filtered using capacitor and given to input pin 1 of voltage regulator IC 7812 (IC1). The regulated output is taken from pin 3 of IC1 where pin 2 is grounded.

PARTS LIST
Resistors (all 1⁄4-watt, ± 5% Carbon)
R1 = 100 KΩ; R2 = 56 KΩ; R3 = 39 KΩ; R4, R5, R6 = 1 KΩ; VR1, VR2 = 10 KΩ (Preset) Capacitors
C1 = 1000 μF/40V; C2, C3 = 1000 μF/25V; C4 = 0.1 μF
Semiconductors
IC1 = LM7812 (12V regulator IC)
IC2 = LM324 (operational amplifier)
T1, T2 = SL100
D1 – D6 = 1N4001 (rectifier diode)
Miscellaneous
TT1 = AD590 (temperature transducer)
RL1, RL2 = 12V 200Ω

FOR ENGINEERING SERVICES CONTACT
ELECTRONIC INTERCONNECT ENGINEERING (EIE).
Phone: +92 310 5387843
Email: [email protected]
Website: eiengineering.pk

1. Hardware Timers and Counters: - Most microcontrollers and microprocessors have built-in hardware timers and counters....
25/07/2025

1. Hardware Timers and Counters:
- Most microcontrollers and microprocessors have built-in hardware timers and counters.
- These timers/counters are typically 8-bit, 16-bit, or 32-bit registers that can be configured for various timing and counting tasks.
- They operate independently of the CPU, making them suitable for handling time-critical tasks without CPU intervention.

2. Timer Modes:
- Hardware timers often support different operating modes. The most common modes include:
- Normal Mode: The timer counts up from 0 to its maximum value and overflows, generating an interrupt or a flag when it reaches the maximum.
- CTC (Clear Timer on Compare Match) Mode: The timer counts up and resets to 0 when it matches a predefined value, generating an interrupt or a flag.
- PWM Mode: Used for generating PWM signals for tasks like motor control, LED dimming, and analog output.

3. Setting Timer/Counter Parameters:
- To use a timer/counter, you need to configure its parameters, which typically include:

FOR ENGINEERING SERVICES CONTACT
ELECTRONIC INTERCONNECT ENGINEERING (EIE).
Phone: +92 310 5387843
Email: [email protected]
Website: eiengineering.pk

What is electronics in simple words?Electronics can be defined as a branch of physics and engineering that deals with th...
24/07/2025

What is electronics in simple words?
Electronics can be defined as a branch of physics and engineering that deals with the study of electron behavior, flow, and control under different conditions. Such conditions include vacuums, gases, or semiconducting materials where electrons are observed.
What is the most used electronic device?
The most used electronic device is a mobile phone. It is widely used because it is functional, lightweight, and easy to carry.
What are the examples of electronic devices?
Examples of electronic devices include computers, mobile devices, and smart televisions. These devices use electrical energy to perform their functions.
What are the 4 basic types of electronic components?
The four basic types of electronic components include capacitors, resistors, diodes, transistors. Each of these types perform specific function when added into an electronic system.

FOR ENGINEERING SERVICES CONTACT
ELECTRONIC INTERCONNECT ENGINEERING (EIE).
Phone: +92 310 5387843
Email: [email protected]
Website: eiengineering.pk

HDD Selector SwitchUsing the switch-mode power supply (SMPS) of your personal computer, this add-on circuit lets you swi...
23/07/2025

HDD Selector Switch
Using the switch-mode power supply (SMPS) of your personal computer, this add-on circuit lets you switch between three hard disk drives (HDDs) and also ensure that nobody else can open your protected HDD. It is quite useful for protection from hacking and spying.

FOR ENGINEERING SERVICES CONTACT
ELECTRONIC INTERCONNECT ENGINEERING (EIE).
Phone: +92 310 5387843
Email: [email protected]
Website: eiengineering.pk


PCB manufacturing processFor all those curious people out there, learn how your manufacturers create your circuit boards...
22/07/2025

PCB manufacturing process

For all those curious people out there, learn how your manufacturers create your circuit boards once you submit the design files.

FOR ENGINEERING SERVICES CONTACT
ELECTRONIC INTERCONNECT ENGINEERING (EIE).
Phone: +92 310 5387843
Email: [email protected]
Website: eiengineering.pk

Get your project done with EIE. FOR ENGINEERING SERVICES CONTACT ELECTRONIC INTERCONNECT ENGINEERING (EIE).Phone: +92 31...
21/07/2025

Get your project done with EIE.

FOR ENGINEERING SERVICES CONTACT
ELECTRONIC INTERCONNECT ENGINEERING (EIE).
Phone: +92 310 5387843
Email: [email protected]
Website: eiengineering.pk

PCB material categories1. Normal speed and normal loss: These are the most common PCB materials—the FR-4 family. Their d...
19/07/2025

PCB material categories

1. Normal speed and normal loss: These are the most common PCB materials—the FR-4 family. Their dielectric constant (Dk) versus frequency response is not very flat, and they have a higher dielectric loss. They are suitable for up to 2GHz applications. An example of this material is 370HR.

2. Medium speed and medium loss: Medium-speed materials have a flatter Dk versus frequency response curve and have a dielectric loss of about half that for normal-speed materials. These are suitable for up to 2GHz applications. Example: N7000-2 HT.

3. High speed and low loss: These materials also have flatter Dk versus frequency response curves and low dielectric loss. They also generate less unwanted electrical noise compared to other materials. These are suitable for up to 20GHz applications. Example: Isola I-Speed.

4. Very high speed and very low loss (RF/microwave): Materials for and microwave applications have the flattest Dk versus frequency response and the least dielectric loss. They are suitable for up to 60GHz applications. Example: Isola Tachyon 100G.

FOR ENGINEERING SERVICES CONTACT
ELECTRONIC INTERCONNECT ENGINEERING (EIE).
Phone: +92 310 5387843
Email: [email protected]
Website: eiengineering.pk

Quick tips for high speed PCBs designers1. Identify the highest frequency net and calculate the fastest rise time in the...
18/07/2025

Quick tips for high speed PCBs designers

1. Identify the highest frequency net and calculate the fastest rise time in the system.

2. Check the electrical specifications at the inputs and outputs of the sinks and sources.

3. Think about controlled impedance values, termination, and propagation delay on a trace.

4. Choose between microstrip and stripline routing techniques. Simulate to identify which method is more EMC-compliant and can give better signal integrity results.

5. For quality signal transmission, consider clock and differential routing techniques.

6. Think about the number of different supply voltages. Do they have their power plane, or is it possible to split them?

7. Create a diagram for functional groups like transmitter path, receiver path, analog signals, digital signals, etc.

FOR ENGINEERING SERVICES CONTACT
ELECTRONIC INTERCONNECT ENGINEERING (EIE).
Phone: +92 310 5387843
Email: [email protected]
Website: eiengineering.pk

STM32 Memory Layout- STM32 microcontrollers are a popular family of microcontrollers that use ARM Cortex-M cores, includ...
17/07/2025

STM32 Memory Layout
- STM32 microcontrollers are a popular family of microcontrollers that use ARM Cortex-M cores, including the Cortex-M4.
- The memory layout of an STM32 microcontroller typically includes:
- Flash Memory: Where the program code is stored. It’s usually non-vilatile memory.
- SRAM (Static Random-Access Memory): Volatile memory used for data storage and stack operations.
- Peripheral Registers: Memory-mapped registers for configuring and interacting with on-chip peripherals like UARTs, GPIOs, timers, and more.
- System Control Space: Contains registers for system-level control, such as clock configuration and power management.
- Boot ROM: Some STM32 devices have a Boot ROM region that contains code for booting and programming the Flash memory.
- External Memory Interfaces (if available): Some STM32 variants support external memory interfaces for connecting external RAM or Flash memory.
- Memory Protection Unit (MPU): Allows for memory access control and protection, providing security features.

FOR ENGINEERING SERVICES CONTACT
ELECTRONIC INTERCONNECT ENGINEERING (EIE).
Phone: +92 310 5387843
Email: [email protected]
Website: eiengineering.pk

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Office#308, Capital Technology Park, Sun Rise Avenue, Park Road Islamabad
Islamabad

Opening Hours

Monday 09:00 - 17:00
Tuesday 09:00 - 17:00
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Friday 09:00 - 17:00
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