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ISS Inc ISS develops the finest fluorescence & biomedical instruments for research & clinical applications.

How Does the Developing Brain Respond When Carbon Dioxide Levels Rise?The brain continuously adjusts its blood supply in...
10/19/2026

How Does the Developing Brain Respond When Carbon Dioxide Levels Rise?

The brain continuously adjusts its blood supply in response to changing physiological demands. But does this regulatory response function the same way in children with sleep-disordered breathing?

A study published in SLEEP, “Cerebral Blood Flow Response to Hypercapnia in Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome,” investigated how cerebral blood flow responds to elevated carbon dioxide during wakefulness.

Researchers studied 30 children: 12 with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), eight who snored, and 10 healthy controls. Using diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS), the team measured changes in cerebral blood flow during a hypercapnic ventilatory challenge.

Planning a study involving cerebral hemodynamics or oxygen metabolism? Contact ISS to discuss your experimental requirements or request a quote for MetaOx here: https://iss.com/biomedical/metaox

What did the researchers find?

🔬 Healthy controls demonstrated a stronger response. Their cerebral blood-flow response was approximately 9% per mmHg change in end-tidal CO₂.

📊 Children with OSAS showed a blunted response. Their measured response was approximately 7.1% per mmHg, significantly lower than that of healthy controls.

🧠 The snoring group also showed a blunted response. Their response averaged approximately 6.7% per mmHg, suggesting that altered cerebrovascular reactivity may also be present in children who snore but do not meet the study's OSAS criteria.

These findings highlight the potential importance of studying cerebrovascular reactivity to better understand the physiological effects of sleep-disordered breathing on the developing brain. Publication here: https://academic.oup.com/sleep/article-abstract/39/1/209/2726057?redirectedFrom=fulltext

Why measure cerebral blood flow and oxygenation together?

Because blood flow and tissue oxygenation describe complementary aspects of cerebral physiology.

The ISS MetaOx integrates three optical and physiological measurement approaches:

🔹 DCS: measures an index of tissue blood flow.

🔹 Frequency-domain NIRS (FDNIRS): provides quantitative measurements of oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin concentrations in tissue.

🔹 Pulse oximetry: measures arterial oxygen saturation.

Together, these measurements can be used to derive a cerebral oxygen-metabolism (CMRO₂) index, allowing researchers to investigate the relationship between cerebral blood flow, tissue oxygenation, and oxygen metabolism.

MetaOx supports simultaneous FDNIRS and DCS acquisition, with sampling rates up to 50 Hz, for research into dynamic cerebral and tissue physiology.

For researchers investigating pediatric cerebrovascular physiology, sleep-disordered breathing, cerebral blood flow, brain oxygenation, hypercapnic reactivity, or neurovascular regulation, combining complementary measurements can provide a more complete picture of physiological responses.

Don't just measure how the brain responds. Investigate how blood flow and oxygenation work together.

Gene Expression Isn't Uniform. Can You Measure the Differences One Cell at a Time?Even genetically similar cells growing...
10/19/2026

Gene Expression Isn't Uniform. Can You Measure the Differences One Cell at a Time?

Even genetically similar cells growing under the same conditions can express genes at different levels. Understanding this biological variability, or gene-expression noise, can reveal important clues about how cells regulate their behavior and respond to changing environments.

A study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), “Reconciling molecular regulatory mechanisms with noise patterns of bacterial metabolic promoters in induced and repressed states,” investigated gene-expression variability in Bacillus subtilis, a model bacterium used to study cellular regulation.

Planning a quantitative fluorescence or single-cell experiment? Contact ISS to discuss your research requirements or request a quote for Alba v5 here: https://iss.com/fluorescence/time-resolved-laser-scanning-confocal-microscopes/alba

Researchers used two-photon scanning fluorescence microscopy and Number & Brightness (N&B) analysis to quantify GFP reporter-protein concentrations in individual bacterial cells. Their measurements focused on two promoters involved in the metabolic switch between glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, comparing cells grown under glucose and malate conditions.

What did the researchers discover?

🔬 Gene expression varies from cell to cell. The measurements revealed distinct patterns of expression noise under different nutritional and regulatory conditions.

📊 Transcriptional bursting matters. The glycolytic promoter showed particularly strong transcriptional bursting, producing substantial cell-to-cell variability—even under repressed conditions.

🧬 Regulatory mechanisms leave measurable signatures. Differences in the noise patterns helped researchers distinguish the mechanisms controlling the two promoters. Their modeling also showed that negative feedback does not necessarily reduce expression noise when transcriptional bursting is strong.

The findings demonstrate how measuring fluorescent reporter proteins quantitatively in individual cells can help researchers connect gene-expression variability with the molecular mechanisms of transcriptional regulation. Publication here: https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1110541108

Why Number & Brightness analysis?

Because average fluorescence can conceal important differences between individual cells.

Number & Brightness analysis extracts molecular brightness and estimates the number of fluorescent molecules from fluctuations in fluorescence intensity across repeated raster-scanned images. This provides a quantitative approach to studying protein expression and cellular heterogeneity.

The ISS Alba v5 is a modular laser-scanning microscope designed for quantitative fluorescence studies, including:

🔹 Two-photon excitation for fluorescence imaging and fluctuation measurements.

🔹 Number & Brightness (N&B) to investigate molecular brightness and fluorescent-protein expression.

🔹 Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS) to study molecular diffusion and dynamics.

🔹 Photon Counting Histogram (PCH) to analyze molecular brightness distributions.

🔹 FLIM and other time-resolved measurements to investigate fluorescence lifetime and molecular environments.

The Alba platform integrates these measurement approaches with VistaVision software, supporting quantitative analysis of fluorescence data across a range of biological applications.

For researchers studying gene regulation, bacterial physiology, synthetic biology, cellular heterogeneity, protein expression, or molecular biophysics, N&B can help transform fluorescence fluctuations into quantitative measurements of cellular behavior.

Don't just measure average gene expression. Investigate the variability between individual cells.

What If a Small Structural Change Completely Alters How a Protein Unfolds?Protein stability is about more than whether a...
10/16/2026

What If a Small Structural Change Completely Alters How a Protein Unfolds?

Protein stability is about more than whether a molecule remains folded. The pathway it takes toward unfolding, and the intermediate structures it may populate, can be just as important.

Planning a high-pressure fluorescence experiment? Contact ISS to discuss your sample, pressure range, and measurement requirements, or request a quote for the ISS High-Pressure Cell here: https://iss.com/sample-compartments/high-pressure-cell

A study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), “The consequences of cavity creation on the folding landscape of a repeat protein depend upon context,” investigated how creating internal cavities affects the folding behavior of pp32, a leucine-rich repeat protein.

Researchers introduced mutations at different positions within the protein and investigated their effects using high-pressure and urea-dependent NMR, high-pressure small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and fluorescence spectroscopy. High-pressure fluorescence measurements were performed using an ISS high-pressure fluorescence apparatus.

What did the researchers discover?

🔬 Location matters. Creating a cavity in different regions of the protein produced markedly different effects on its folding landscape, even when the overall change in stability was relatively modest.

🧬 Unfolding isn't always a simple two-state transition. Some mutations produced heterogeneous unfolding behavior, while others showed more cooperative transitions between folded and unfolded states.

📊 Intermediate states reveal important structural information. Under pressure, one cavity-containing variant populated an intermediate in which the N-terminal cap and repeats 1–4 were largely unfolded, while the fifth repeat and C-terminal cap retained their folded structure.

These findings demonstrate that protein folding depends not only on overall stability, but also on the structural and energetic context of internal packing defects. Understanding these differences can inform research into protein dynamics, evolutionary adaptation, and protein engineering.

Why study proteins under high pressure?

Because pressure provides a way to perturb protein structure and investigate folding transitions, stability, and intermediate states under controlled conditions.

The ISS High-Pressure Cell is designed for researchers who need to combine hydrostatic pressure with optical measurements.

Its capabilities include:

🔹 Pressure-dependent fluorescence spectroscopy to monitor changes in fluorescence as pressure alters the protein's conformational state.

🔹 High-pressure optical access through quartz, sapphire, or MgF₂ windows selected for the experimental requirements.

🔹 Pressures up to 400 MPa (4,000 bar) with sapphire windows.

🔹 Temperature control from −40°C to +80°C through an integrated liquid-circulation path.

🔹 Flexible system integration with compatible ISS spectrofluorometers, including ChronosBH, ChronosDFD, and PC1, or operation as a standalone unit.

For researchers investigating protein folding, conformational dynamics, protein stability, structural biology, protein engineering, or biophysical chemistry, pressure-dependent fluorescence measurements can provide another way to explore how molecular structure responds to controlled perturbations.

Why Relative Oxygenation Isn’t EnoughIn many tissue oxygenation studies, the data you collect is relative. Which shows t...
10/15/2026

Why Relative Oxygenation Isn’t Enough
In many tissue oxygenation studies, the data you collect is relative. Which shows trends, but not delivering the full physiological picture.

And that’s often where reviewers push back:
👉 How accurate are these measurements?
👉 Can you quantify what’s actually happening in the tissue?
This is the gap that the ISS OxiplexTS / OxiplexTS200 is designed to solve.

📩 Looking to strengthen your study with absolute tissue oxygenation data? Let’s talk, find out more here: https://iss.com/biomedical/oxiplexts

Unlike conventional approaches that rely on assumptions, the OxiplexTS uses frequency-domain near-infrared spectroscopy (FD-NIRS) to directly measure the optical properties of tissue (absorption and scattering), enabling truly absolute quantification of:

✔️ Oxygenated hemoglobin
✔️ Deoxygenated hemoglobin
✔️ Total hemoglobin concentration
✔️ Tissue oxygen saturation

💡 What makes this different?
Because OxiplexTS separates absorption from scattering, it does not require calibration or estimation models. Which removes a major source of error in traditional systems and enabling more accurate, reproducible measurements

🧪 Why this matters for your research:
• Strengthen clinical and translational studies with quantitative endpoints
• Provide defensible data for grant submissions and publications
• Measure oxygenation in cases where pulse oximetry falls short
• Capture real-time physiological changes (up to 50 Hz) in brain, muscle, and other tissues

From neuroscience and surgery to sports medicine and vascular research, absolute oxygenation data enables a deeper understanding of tissue function, not just trends.

💬 Bottom line:
If your research depends on accurate, quantitative physiology, relative measurements may not be enough.

The Challenge:Super-resolution fluorescence imaging is essential for studying biological processes at the nanoscale, but...
10/15/2026

The Challenge:
Super-resolution fluorescence imaging is essential for studying biological processes at the nanoscale, but researchers face several obstacles:

➡️ Limited spatial resolution imposed by the diffraction limit.

➡️ High depletion laser power requirements that lead to photobleaching and phototoxicity in live samples.

➡️ Difficulty distinguishing true molecular dynamics from background noise.

➡️ Constraints in achieving both single-molecule sensitivity and multi-color imaging within living systems.

➡️ Ease of Use

The Solution: AlbaSTED
The ISS AlbaSTED is designed to overcome these barriers by integrating stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy with time-resolved fluorescence techniques:

➡️ Single-molecule sensitivity enables detection of weak signals with precision.

➡️ FLIM and phasor plot analysis provide powerful tools for separating fluorophores and quantifying molecular dynamics without relying solely on spectral information.

➡️ Modular, time-resolved confocal design allows seamless combination with advanced techniques such as FCS and FLCS.

➡️ Optimized optics and photon-counting detection minimize background noise and maximize signal-to-noise ratios.

➡️ A flexible, user-focused system that can adapt to diverse applications in cell biology, neuroscience, materials science, and beyond.

➡️ Easy to use, customizable, and fully-automated.

Why it matters:
With AlbaSTED, researchers gain high-resolution imaging without compromising sample integrity, enabling new insights into molecular interactions, structural organization, and dynamic processes in living cells. It bridges the gap between resolution, sensitivity, and experimental flexibility. helping scientists move from challenging technical hurdles to breakthrough discoveries.

✳️ Powered by Swabian Instruments Time Tagger card!

Find out more here: https://iss.com/fluorescence/time-resolved-laser-scanning-confocal-microscopes/alba-sted

Could Some Brain Connectivity Patterns Originate Outside the Brain?When researchers investigate resting-state brain netw...
10/14/2026

Could Some Brain Connectivity Patterns Originate Outside the Brain?

When researchers investigate resting-state brain networks, how can they distinguish neuronal connectivity from systemic physiological fluctuations that also influence the signals they measure?

Planning a neuroscience study involving fNIRS, physiological monitoring, or multimodal imaging? Contact ISS to discuss your experimental requirements or request a quote for Imagent here: https://iss.com/biomedical/imagent

A study published in Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, “Can apparent resting state connectivity arise from systemic fluctuations?”, investigated this fundamental question by combining resting-state functional MRI with peripheral near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS).

Researchers studied 11 healthy adults and used the ISS Imagent to continuously record optical signals from a probe placed on the fingertip during the resting-state fMRI protocol. These measurements captured systemic low-frequency physiological fluctuations that were then used to help generate synthetic fMRI datasets. Full publication here: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/human-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2015.00285/full

What did the researchers discover?

🧠 Familiar brain networks emerged from synthetic data. Independent component analysis identified patterns resembling well-known resting-state networks, including visual, motor, and default mode networks, even in datasets generated using systemic physiological signals rather than simulated neuronal connectivity.

🔬 Physiology can influence interpretation. The findings suggest that some apparent resting-state connectivity patterns may reflect the timing and distribution of systemic vascular fluctuations, not neuronal connectivity alone.

📊 Measurement matters. The study highlights why researchers need to identify and account for systemic physiological signals when interpreting functional brain-imaging data.

Why use optical measurements in neuroscience?

Because understanding a physiological signal requires knowing where it comes from and what may be influencing it.

The ISS Imagent uses frequency-domain near-infrared technology to support functional NIRS measurements, including changes in oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO₂), deoxygenated hemoglobin (HHb), and total hemoglobin. Its optical measurements can support multimodal research designs in which physiological signals are acquired alongside other imaging methods.

Imagent also supports Event-Related Optical Signal (EROS) measurements, which analyze optical signal intensity and phase delay to investigate faster event-related responses. Although EROS was not used in this particular study, it provides another research approach available on the Imagent platform.

For researchers studying functional connectivity, resting-state fMRI, systemic physiology, neurovascular coupling, cerebral hemodynamics, or multimodal neuroimaging, peripheral optical measurements can provide valuable information for understanding the physiological context of brain-imaging signals.

Before interpreting the signal, understand what contributes to it.

Proteins Are Dynamic. Can Your Measurements Reveal Their Hidden Structure?Proteins don't simply hold a fixed shape. Thei...
10/14/2026

Proteins Are Dynamic. Can Your Measurements Reveal Their Hidden Structure?

Proteins don't simply hold a fixed shape. Their conformations can change with their environment and those changes can influence their biological function.

Planning a protein dynamics or fluorescence lifetime experiment? Contact ISS to discuss your measurement requirements or request a quote for ChronosBH here: https://iss.com/fluorescence/spectrofluorometers/chronosbh

A study published in Biophysical Journal, “Conformational Dynamics of Titin PEVK Explored with FRET Spectroscopy,” investigated the structural flexibility of the PEVK domain of titin, a giant muscle protein involved in passive muscle mechanics.

Researchers examined synthetic PEVK peptides containing 11 or 21 amino acid residues using Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) to investigate molecular distances and conformational behavior.

The team used the ISS Chronos-BH spectrometer to acquire time-resolved fluorescence lifetime measurements using time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC). These measurements helped substantiate the FRET-efficiency results obtained from steady-state fluorescence experiments.

What did the researchers discover?

🔬 Not all unstructured protein regions behave alike. The measured relationships between peptide length and molecular distance deviated from predictions for a purely statistical polymer chain.

🧬 Subtle structural features matter. Simulations suggested that the shorter PEVK peptide displayed an overall random structure, while the longer peptide retained residual, loosely helical configurations.

🌡️ The molecular environment influences conformational behavior. Changes in denaturant concentration, ionic strength, and temperature revealed differences in the peptides' conformational stability and dynamics.

Together, these findings suggest that local structural interactions within titin's PEVK domain may contribute to the modulation of passive muscle mechanics. Full publication here: https://www.cell.com/biophysj/fulltext/S0006-3495(12)00968-X

Why measure fluorescence lifetime?

Because understanding molecular behavior often requires more than measuring fluorescence intensity alone.

The ISS ChronosBH is a time-domain spectrofluorometer designed for precise, time-resolved fluorescence measurements using TCSPC.

Key capabilities include:

Fluorescence lifetime measurements from picoseconds to seconds.

FRET analysis to investigate molecular proximity and conformational changes.

Time-resolved fluorescence and kinetics for studying dynamic molecular processes.

Fluorescence anisotropy measurements to investigate rotational dynamics.

Vinci software for automated data acquisition and multidimensional fluorescence analysis.

For researchers studying protein conformation, molecular biophysics, FRET, protein dynamics, muscle proteins, or structure–function relationships, time-resolved fluorescence measurements can provide valuable information about molecular interactions and conformational behavior.

Don't just study what a protein looks like. Investigate how its structure responds to its environment.

What Happens to Cerebral Blood Flow When Circulation Stops?During complex cardiac surgery, understanding how cerebral bl...
10/13/2026

What Happens to Cerebral Blood Flow When Circulation Stops?

During complex cardiac surgery, understanding how cerebral blood flow changes during cooling, circulatory arrest, and rewarming is an important challenge for researchers studying neonatal brain physiology.

Planning a study involving cerebral hemodynamics or oxygen metabolism? Contact ISS to discuss your experimental requirements or request a quote for MetaOx here: https://iss.com/biomedical/metaox

A study published in Biomedical Optics Express, “Continuous cerebral hemodynamic measurement during deep hypothermic circulatory arrest,” explored whether diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) could continuously monitor cerebral microvascular blood flow during neonatal cardiac surgery.

In this proof-of-concept study, researchers monitored a 10-day-old infant undergoing surgery for hypoplastic left heart syndrome. DCS measurements were collected throughout the surgical procedure and compared with transcranial Doppler (TCD) measurements of cerebral blood-flow velocity.

What did they find?

🔬 Blood-flow changes were captured in real time. During deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, the DCS blood-flow index decreased rapidly toward zero.

📊 Two measurement approaches showed similar trends. The DCS blood-flow index and TCD blood-flow velocity closely tracked changes during the cessation and resumption of cerebral circulation.

🧠 Continuous optical monitoring showed promise for complex surgical conditions. The findings demonstrated the potential of DCS to track a wide range of cerebral blood-flow changes in a setting where continuous physiological monitoring presents significant technical challenges.

The authors concluded that DCS, alone or combined with NIRS, could provide valuable information for future research into cerebral hemodynamics and oxygen metabolism during cardiac surgery. Full publication here: https://opg.optica.org/boe/fulltext.cfm?uri=boe-7-9-3461

Why measure blood flow and oxygenation together?

Because cerebral blood flow and tissue oxygenation describe different aspects of brain physiology.

The ISS MetaOx combines three complementary measurements:

FDNIRS → Quantitative oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin concentrations, supporting measurement of tissue oxygenation.

DCS → An index of tissue blood flow based on fluctuations in diffusely reflected near-infrared light.

Pulse oximetry → Arterial oxygen saturation.

Together, these measurements can be used to derive a cerebral oxygen-metabolism (CMRO₂) index, helping researchers investigate the relationship between blood flow, oxygenation, and oxygen metabolism.

With simultaneous FDNIRS and DCS acquisition and sampling rates up to 50 Hz, MetaOx is designed for research requiring dynamic measurements of cerebral and tissue physiology.

For researchers investigating neonatal brain development, congenital heart disease, cerebral hemodynamics, cerebrovascular physiology, or oxygen metabolism, combining blood-flow and oxygenation measurements can provide a more complete view of physiological change.

Don't just measure how cerebral blood flow changes. Investigate how blood flow and oxygenation relate.

Does a Soluble Viral Protein Tell the Whole Story?When developing vaccines and antibody-based therapeutics, understandin...
10/13/2026

Does a Soluble Viral Protein Tell the Whole Story?

When developing vaccines and antibody-based therapeutics, understanding how antibodies recognize their targets is essential. But does an engineered soluble protein always represent the antigenic properties of that protein on an intact virus?

Planning an FCS, antibody-binding, or single-particle experiment? Contact ISS to discuss your research requirements or request a quote for the Q2 here: https://iss.com/fluorescence/time-resolved-laser-scanning-confocal-microscopes/q2

A study published in Viruses, “Discordant Antigenic Properties of Soluble and Virion SARS-CoV-2 Spike Proteins,” used single-molecule fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) with the ISS Q2 confocal microscope to investigate this question.

Researchers compared the binding of different monoclonal antibodies to soluble SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins, pseudoviruses, and gamma-irradiated whole virions representing multiple variants.

What did they discover?

🔬 The target matters. Antibody binding to soluble spike proteins correlated with binding to inactivated virions, but not with binding to pseudoviruses.

📊 Binding behavior differed across experimental models. Pseudovirus binding efficiencies were generally lower than those measured with soluble spike proteins or inactivated virions.

🧬 Binding is not the same as neutralization. The study found no consistent relationship between antibody binding efficiency and neutralization potency, emphasizing the importance of evaluating these properties separately.

The findings highlight a critical challenge in vaccine and therapeutic research: the antigenic properties of engineered proteins may not fully reflect how corresponding proteins are presented on viral surfaces. Full publication here: https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/16/3/407

How did the ISS Q2 help?

The researchers used fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) to analyze fluctuations in fluorescence as labeled antibodies and their complexes moved through a defined confocal detection volume.

By measuring changes in diffusion behavior, the team could distinguish free antibodies from antibody-bound targets and quantify binding efficiency in solution.

The ISS Q2 is a modular confocal platform designed for quantitative fluorescence measurements, including:

🔹 FCS: investigate molecular interactions and diffusion dynamics.

🔹 FCCS: examine correlated behavior between fluorescently labeled species.

🔹 PCH: analyze molecular brightness and population characteristics.

🔹 FLIM and FLCS: investigate fluorescence lifetime and lifetime-resolved molecular behavior.

🔹 Single-molecule FRET: investigate molecular proximity and conformational dynamics.

These capabilities can support researchers studying viral antigenicity, antibody interactions, vaccine development, antiviral therapeutics, nanoparticle characterization, and molecular biophysics.

When the biological target changes, your measurements need to reveal the difference.

Move beyond fluorescence intensity alone. Explore how quantitative fluorescence correlation measurements can help answer more challenging research questions.

Can You Measure Changes in Brain Oxygenation Over Time?When researchers investigate whether nutritional interventions in...
10/12/2026

Can You Measure Changes in Brain Oxygenation Over Time?

When researchers investigate whether nutritional interventions influence brain function, cognitive tests reveal only part of the picture. Measuring the brain's physiological response can provide another important layer of evidence.

Planning a study involving brain oxygenation or cerebral hemodynamics? Contact ISS to discuss your experimental requirements or request a quote for the OxiplexTS here: https://iss.com/biomedical/oxiplexts

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study published in Nutrients examined the acute effects of three investigational beverages on cognition, mood, and cerebral hemodynamics in 32 healthy adults.

Researchers used the ISS OxiplexTS frequency-domain near-infrared spectroscopy (FD-NIRS) system to monitor frontal-cortex hemodynamic responses before and at 60, 180, and 360 minutes after beverage consumption.

Each active beverage contained beetroot, ginseng, and sage extracts, combined with a phenolic-rich extract from apple, blueberry, or coffee berry.

What did the researchers find?

🔬 All three active beverages increased frontal-cortex tissue oxygen saturation (StO₂) compared with placebo across the post-consumption assessments.

📊 The apple-flavanol beverage also increased total hemoglobin (tHb), which the researchers used as a proxy for increased cerebral blood volume.

🧠 Cognitive performance did not improve consistently across the interventions, highlighting the importance of measuring physiological responses directly rather than assuming that changes in behavior tell the whole story.

Full publication here: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/8/2254

Why quantitative NIRS matters

The ISS OxiplexTS uses frequency-domain, multidistance NIRS to measure tissue absorption and scattering and quantify:

Oxyhemoglobin (HbO₂): oxygenated hemoglobin concentration

Deoxyhemoglobin (HHb): deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration

Total hemoglobin (tHb): combined hemoglobin concentration

Tissue oxygen saturation (StO₂): the proportion of hemoglobin that is oxygenated

These measurements allow researchers to monitor changes in tissue oxygenation and hemoglobin concentrations over time. The current OxiplexTS supports sampling rates up to 50 Hz, making it suitable for research protocols requiring continuous physiological measurements.

For researchers investigating nutritional neuroscience, cerebral hemodynamics, brain oxygenation, cognitive performance, or physiological responses to dietary interventions, the ability to measure quantitative changes over an extended study period can help connect experimental conditions with physiological outcomes.

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