Genetic Information Research Institute

05/29/2026

We published Repbase Reports 26(5).
This issue of RR publishes sequences from:

2 species of fish
Oryzias latipes (medaka)
Sardina pilchardus (European pilchard)

8 species of arthropods
Zeuzera pyrina (leopard moth)
Stenopsyche tienmushanensis (caddisfly)
Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Colorado potato beetle)
Nebria salina (ground beetle)
Xanthostigma xanthostigma (snakefly)
Aspidiotus destructor (coconut scale)
Aspidiotus rigidus (false coconut scale)
Orthetrum coerulescens (keeled skimmer)

1 species of hemichordates
Ptychodera flava (acorn worm)

1 species of mollusks
Azorinus chamasolen (bivalve)

1 species of annelids
Arenicola marina (blow lugworm)

2 species of cnidarians
Cladopsammia gracilis (stony cup coral)
Dendronephthya gigantea (carnation coral)

1 species of fungi
Austropuccinia psidii (myrtle rust)

The total number of repeat sequences published this month is 950.

04/27/2026

We published Repbase Reports 26(4).
This issue of RR publishes sequences from:

2 species of fish
Oryzias latipes (medaka)
Neoarius graeffei (Australian shark catfish)

6 species of arthropods
Ypsolopha scabrella (wainscot hooktip)
Hypothenemus hampei (coffee berry borer)
Gnatocerus cornutus (broadhorned flour beetle)
Tenebrio molitor (yellow mealworm)
Neoaliturus tenellus (beet leafhopper)
Bacillus rossius (European stick insect)

1 species of hemichordates
Ptychodera flava (acorn worm)

2 species of mollusks
Gigantopelta aegis (snail)
Potamilus streckersoni (bivalve)

1 species of annelids
Flabesymbios commensalis

1 species of cnidarians
Cladopsammia gracilis (stony cup coral)

1 species of land plants
Hordeum vulgare (domesticated barley)

The total number of repeat sequences published this month is 947.

03/25/2026

We published Repbase Reports 26(3).
This issue of RR publishes sequences from:

2 species of fish
Oryzias latipes (medaka)
Anabarilius grahami (Kanglang fish)

5 species of arthropods
Ypsolopha scabrella (wainscot hooktip)
Ips typographus (European spruce bark beetle)
Liopterus haemorrhoidalis (diving beetle)
Sialis lutaria (common alderfly)
Xenopsylla cheopis (oriental rat flea)

1 species of hemichordates
Ptychodera flava (acorn worm)

3 species of mollusks
Dreissena rostriformis (quagga mussel)
Spisula subtruncata (cut trough shell)
Liolophura japonica (Japanese common chiton)

1 species of annelids
Alitta virens (king ragworm)

1 species of cnidarians
Cladopsammia gracilis (stony cup coral)

1 species of fungi
Rhizophagus irregularis

The total number of repeat sequences published this month is 895.

02/23/2026

We published Repbase Reports 26(2).
This issue of RR publishes sequences from:

3 species of fish
Oryzias latipes (medaka)
Poecilia reticulata (guppy)
Pungitius pungitius (nine-spined stickleback)

9 species of arthropods
Anopheles moucheti (mosquito)
Hyles vespertilio (bat hawkmoth)
Fabriciana adippe (high brown fritillary)
Propylea japonica (ladybug)
Brontispa longissima (coconut leaf beetle)
Oryctes rhinoceros (coconut rhinoceros beetle)
Malthinus flaveolus (soldier beetle)
Cardiocondyla obscurior (ant)
Forficula auricularia (European earwig)

1 species of hemichordates
Ptychodera flava (acorn worm)

2 species of echinoderms
Asterias rubens (European starfish)
Antedon bifida (rosy feather star)

1 species of cnidarians
Chrysaora quinquecirrha (Atlantic sea nettle)

1 species of land plants
Hordeum vulgare (domesticated barley)

The total number of repeat sequences published this month is 911.

02/23/2026

We published 2025 Year in review of Repbase. From 2017 onward, a short annual report will be presented at the beginning of each year. It includes the statistics of Repbase entries, the classification update, and the descriptions of focused genomes.

01/29/2026

We published Repbase Reports 26(1), the first issue of this year.
This issue of RR publishes sequences from:

2 species of fish
Oryzias latipes (medaka)
Pollachius pollachius (po***ck)

5 species of arthropods
Anopheles ziemanni (mosquito)
Hyles vespertilio (bat hawkmoth)
Propylea japonica (turtle vein lady beetle)
Stylops aterrimus (twisted-wing parasite, Strepsiptera)
Xenos peckii (twisted-wing parasite, Strepsiptera)

1 species of hemichordates
Ptychodera flava (acorn worm)

1 species of mollusks
Pteria penguin (penguin's wing oyster)

1 species of annelids
Hermodice carunculata (bearded fireworm)

1 species of cnidarians
Telmatactis stephensoni (sea anemone)

2 species of ctenophorans
Bolinopsis microptera (comb jelly)
Mnemiopsis leidyi (comb jelly)

1 species of fungi
Neocallimastix californiae (obligately anaerobic rumen fungus)

Various plants
Ipomoea batata (sweet potato) and relatives
Psidium guajava (guayaba/guava) and various plants in Myltales
Malvids (maples and related plants)
Rosa chinensis (Chinese rose)
Solanaceae (chili pepper, tomato and relatives)

The total number of repeat sequences published this month is 1109.

12/31/2025

We published Repbase Reports 25(12).
This issue of RR publishes sequences from:

1 species of reptiles
Sphenodon punctatus (tuatara)

9 species of arthropods
Hyles vespertilio (bat hawkmoth)
Lymantria dispar (gypsy moth)
Abscondita terminalis (firefly)
Agrilus planipennis (emerald ash borer)
Anoplophora glabripennis (Asian longhorned beetle)
Carabus banonii (beetle)
Cylas formicarius (sweet potato weevil)
Camponotus floridanus (Florida carpenter ant)
Leptopilina boulardi (parasitoid wasp)

1 species of echinoderms
Astropecten irregularis (sea star)

2 species of mollusks
Gibbula magus (great top shell)
Bathymodiolus brooksi (mussel)

1 species of phoronids
Phoronis australis (southern horseshoe worm)

1 species of fungi
Melampsora americana (rust)

The total number of repeat sequences published this month is 889. And the number of repeat sequences published this year is 9881.

11/24/2025

We published Repbase Reports 25(11).
This issue of RR publishes sequences from:

1 species of reptiles
Sphenodon punctatus (tuatara)

4 species of arthropods
Blastobasis adustella (moth)
Coccus hesperidum (brown soft scale)
Ischnura elegans (blue-tailed damselfly)
Amphibalanus amphitrite (barnacle)

1 species of tunicates
Ciona intestinalis

1 species of mollusks
Mimachlamys varia (variegated scallop)

1 species of fungi
Austropuccinia psidii (myrtle rust)

The total number of repeat sequences published this month is 917.

10/29/2025

The Repbase Update in this month includes 1211 sequences of Troyka LTR retrotransposons from the article "Troyka represents a unique lineage of virus-like retroelements." published on 2025. Troyka is unique in (1) their TSDs are 3bps, (2) their LTR termini are mostly CG..CG, and (3) their proteins show they are phylogenetically distinct from any known lineages of LTR retrotransposons (as well as retroviruses). Following the publication, Repbase added the new category "Troyka" under "LTR retrotransposon."

Troyka represents a unique lineage of virus-like retroelements.
Kojima KK.
J Gen Virol. 2025 Sep;106(9):002143. doi: 10.1099/jgv.0.002143.
PMID: 40952902

Eukaryotic reverse transcriptase genes are mostly incorporated into viruses or transposons. Among the six reported families of reverse-transcribing viruses, three families (Metaviridae/Gypsy, Belpaoviridae/BEL and Pseudoviridae/Copia) have proliferated mostly as transposons, collectively known as LT...

10/28/2025

The Repbase Update in this month includes 503 Buster sample sequences from the article "Horizontal transfer of Buster transposons across multiple phyla and classes of animals." published on 2022. It is notable that the 4 Buster sequences reported there are identical to existing entries:
Buster from the leech Helobdella robusta is identical to hAT-11_HR
Buster from the sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus is identical to hAT-1_PM
Buster from the Atlantic salmon Salmo salar is identical to hAT-1_SSa
Buster from Mexican free-tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis) is similar to TadBra-5.12 published in Zoonomia project; so they are merged in the updated Repbase.

From the sequences reported, we have selected reliable sample sequences by (1) the presence of TSDs, (2) terminal signatures mostly CAG..CTG, (3) and the sequence similarity to other Buster and hAT sequences. These Buster sequences are representative sample sequences (not consensus sequence), but 206 Buster sequences encode a relatively intact protein (the N-terminal CCHH zinc finger motif and the DDE transposase).

All Buster sequences are classified under the hAT superfamily of DNA transposons.

Horizontal transfer of Buster transposons across multiple phyla and classes of animals.
Guan Z, Shi S, Diaby M, Danley P, Ullah N, Puzakov M, Gao B, Song C.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2022 Aug;173:107506. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107506. Epub 2022 May 17.
PMID: 35595006