02/08/2020
Do lead acid batteries still make sense for an off-grid power system? If you’re following solar technology, you’ve probably heard of lithium iron phosphate batteries (abbreviated as LiFePO4). In the last few years, this lithium chemistry has found its way into reliable, cost effective 12 Volt batteries for off-grid installs. Battle Born and RELiOn have both released excellent products in this category that are compatible with most inverters and solar charge controllers.
So does lead acid still have a chance? For vans, small trailers, campers, and any other mobile dwelling, LiFePO4 is usually the winner just based on weight and space. For boats, off-grid homes, lighting systems, and larger vehicles, lead acid is still a viable option in our opinion.
Before comparing lithium to lead, consider “depth of discharge”. Lead acid batteries are lazy. They don’t like to give out more than half of their stored energy during a discharge cycle. Although the lead acid batteries in this photo boast a “105 Amp-Hour rating”, it would kill them to give out this much energy. We don’t suggest discharging lead acid batteries past 50% of their nameplate rating on most days. That means cutting everything off at around 12.25 Volts for 12V system - if you can. This will make your lead battery bank last A LOT longer. On the other hand, LiFePO4 batteries don’t mind a deeper discharge. The can go down to 90% on a regular basis and be totally fine in the long run.
So with all this considered, who wins in 2020? When you work out the math, lead acid always wins on up-front cost. If you only discharge the batteries a few times a year, lead acid also wins on long-term cost as well. In our opinion though, LiFePO4 will always be worth the extra money if you decide to go that route.
Final note: The lead acid batteries in this photo are flooded. They require ventilation around them when charging. This means leaving them outside in a vented box, or adding a fan if they’ll be indoors. Sealed lead acid batteries (and Gel Cells) typically don’t require extensive ventilation if charged properly. The lead acid batteries sold in big box stores are usually flooded. Here in CA they run about $100 for a size 29. We count this as about 500 Watt-hours of storage on a good day. The bank in this photo is part of our first kW-Kit. Thanks for reading!