11/14/2023
Autoimmune diseases (ADs) pose a widespread challenge, where the body's targets its own healthy cells. This prevalent condition impacts global health, with prevalence ranging from 5 to 500 cases per 100,000 individuals.
According to the National Stem Cell Foundation , approximately 4% of the world's population is affected, imposing a significant societal burden due to the associated high treatment costs.
ADs exhibit a distinct disproportionately affecting women at a rate of 2:1 compared to men.
The complex etiology involves a combination of and factors, with a higher likelihood of development in genetically susceptible individuals.
ADs treatment involves a spectrum of biological and synthetic drugs targeting various immune system components, including Janus kinase inhibitors, non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase, and cytokines.
However, these immune-modulatory drugs, while effective, often come with non-specific actions and a range of side effects, such as infections and malignant diseases.
emerges as a promising avenue for ADs treatment, aiming to regulate cytokine levels and lymphocyte infiltration through the delivery and expression of therapeutic genes.
Recent genomic-wide association studies have identified genetic loci associated with susceptibility to common ADs, offering insights into potential targeted .
New review "Role of genetics in eleven of the most common autoimmune diseases in the post genome-wide association studies era" https://lnkd.in/dKckh-re
provides a comprehensive overview of genetic factors linked to susceptibility in 11 prevalent ADs, including Grave’s disease, Sjögren’s syndrome (SS), thyroiditis (HT), Anti-phospholipid syndrome (APS), hemolytic anemia, Systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis.
On the figure : there are factors affecting the initiation of . Genetic polymorphisms in gene-related to , including HLA, cytokines, autoimmune regulators or receptors can lower the threshold for the activation of autoreactive that activate autoreactive leading to the production of autoreactive .
Environmental factors including and [central , reactive oxygen species (ROS), and PTSD] can generate a proinflammatory environment that supports the initiation of autoreactive T and B-cells.