Radar, EW, Military Communications

20/04/2026

[AOC International Symposium and Convention....] delivering a topic on the importance of EW and convergence of EW and Cyber-Warfare to some 1700+ participants from defense industry, military, government, universities from various countries.

ST Engineering Republic of Singapore Navy The Republic of Singapore Air Force The Singapore Army University of Engineering and Technology, Vietnam National University Hanoi Học viện Kỹ thuật quân sự (MTA) Học viện Hàng không Việt Nam DSTA Defence Science and Technology Agency

18/04/2026

[The Certificate of Appreciation…] “What we made from the society, we use them for the society”
“Lấy nó từ xã hội, sử dụng nó cho xã hội.”
“取之于社会，用之于社会”

University of Engineering and Technology, Vietnam National University Hanoi Học viện Kỹ thuật quân sự (MTA) Học viện Hàng không Việt Nam IEEE Vietnam section

17/04/2026

[Ministry of Education Award Medal…] for contributing to Singapore education as a School Advisory Committee Member with Henry Park Primary School for a period of 7 years.

ST Engineering Republic of Singapore Navy Học viện Kỹ thuật quân sự (MTA) Học viện Hàng không Việt Nam Ministry of Education, Singapore This is SG fans IEEE Singapore Section - Education Chapter

05/04/2026

[Token of Appreciation] … presented by Vietnam Aviation Academy after an academic sharing on a new specialization under the current bachelor of engineering degree program… a semiconductor/microelectronic with focus on design, manufacturing and packaging in aviation industry…

Ah Lee is not only practically competence in his specialization domains: radar, EW, communications, RF, microwave an antenna, … but also a academically knowledge to share at conferences, in publications and with peers in government, universities and industry…

@超级粉丝 Republic of Singapore Navy The Republic of Singapore Air Force ST Engineering Học viện Hàng không Việt Nam Học viện Kỹ thuật quân sự (MTA) University of Engineering and Technology, Vietnam National University Hanoi The Singapore Army NCS Group IEEE Singapore Section - Education Chapter Maritime Industry Authority

04/04/2026

[An Interesting Discussion] … a discussion on how to keep equipment and system operationally effective and suitable brought up the following point ….

“Will the western suppliers really part their knowledge so that the end user can then be self-sustained besides purchasing parts?”

If, say, the western supplier of a fire control system does not equip the local technical team to carry out the missile/gun alignment but to engage the supplier to do so periodically… then this is an issue, a big issue… if the supplier country goes to war… who is going to support you?

30/03/2026

[Technical Papers] Operations and Training in MRO:
Proceedings of the International Symposium on Aircraft Technology, MRO, and Operations 2023

Conference proceedings
© 2026
Latest edition

Ah Lee's 3 papers can be found on 189, 271 and 489. For your pleasure reading, please.

fans ST Engineering Republic of Singapore Navy The Republic of Singapore Air Force Học viện Kỹ thuật quân sự (MTA) Học viện Hàng không Việt Nam SP - School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering University of Engineering and Technology, Vietnam National University Hanoi IEEE Vietnam section

Shared with Dropbox

26/03/2026

[Professional Sharing] A short course on EW Fundamentals to the engineers and officers of The Republic of Singapore Air Force.

@超级粉丝 ST Engineering Republic of Singapore Navy SP - School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering Học viện Kỹ thuật quân sự (MTA) Học viện Hàng không Việt Nam University of Engineering and Technology, Vietnam National University Hanoi IEEE Radar Conference @

23/03/2026

[On F-35 Being Hit by Missile...] In March 2026, reports regarding a U.S. Air Force F-35A being hit while flying a combat mission over Iran were surfaced.

The U.S. Central Command (CENTCOM) confirmed that an F-35 was forced to make an emergency landing at a base in the Middle East after being "struck by what is believed to be Iranian fire". The Iranian sources claim they used a "modern and advanced air defense system" to target the jet over central Iran. The aircraft was "seriously damaged" but managed to land safely; the pilot was uninjured.

The F-35 is known as steathly but it is not "invisible," while being a "low-observable" aircraft. To stay safe from missiles, it doesn't just rely on its shape; it uses a high-tech "digital shield" to detect and neutralize threats before they can get close.

The Digital Shield (EW) AN/ASQ-239 is F-35’s primary defense. This system is designed to "see" the entire electromagnetic spectrum. It uses sensors embedded in the "skin" of the jet to detect radar signals from any direction. Once it detects a missile's radar, it can instantly identify the type of missile and launch a "digital attack" (jamming) to confuse the missile's seeker (decoy), making the F-35 appear to be in a different location or invisible to the radar. It can pinpoint exactly where a surface-to-air missile (SAM) battery is located without the pilot having to turn on their own radar (EMCON).

The AN/AAQ-37 DAS Distributed Aperture System on board consists of six infrared cameras that provide a 360-degree thermal view. If a missile is launched, the DAS detects the heat of the missile's rocket motor and highlights it on the pilot's helmet. If an IR missile is detected, the jet can deploy magnesium-based flares to lure the missile away from the engine’s heat. Radar-guided missiles are easily detected because they appear at the jet with radio waves. Heat-seeking (IR) missiles are much harder because they are "passive"—they just "look" for heat and don't emit anything.

Despite these protections, a U.S. F-35A was damaged by Iranian fire. Several factors could have bypassed the jet's defenses. Iran likely used a system like the Majid or Herz-9, which uses electro-optical/infrared tracking. Because these systems don't use radar to "lock on," the F-35’s Radar Warning Receiver (RWR) stayed silent. While the F-35’s front is very stealthy, its engine (the Pratt & Whitney F135) produces immense heat. If the jet is viewed from the side or rear, or if it is flying at high power, its thermal signature becomes a viable target for modern IR seekers. The missile didn't hit the jet directly but exploded nearby. The F-35’s "stealth skin" is fragile; even small shrapnel from a proximity blast can degrade its stealth and damage internal systems, forcing an emergency landing.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QhkcFDf_oD8

@超级粉丝 ST Engineering Republic of Singapore Navy The Republic of Singapore Air Force Học viện Hàng không Việt Nam Học viện Kỹ thuật quân sự (MTA) IEEE Vietnam section IEEE Singapore Section - Education Chapter The Singapore Army SUTD Singapore University of Technology & Design University of Engineering and Technology, Vietnam National University Hanoi

Footage released by Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps appears to show the moment the F-35 was hit by a missile. US Central Command confirmed an F-35 f...

17/03/2026

[Upgrading.... Lifelong Learning...] Dr Lee has been enlisted into the academic team of the Global Mini-MBA for Entrepreneurs, Leaders and Managers program, to lecture and conduct classes in Ho Chi Minh City. Dr Lee will teach International Strategic Management and International Entreprenuership to the MBA and Ph.D students who partipate in the modules.

Dr Lee has resided in Vietnam for 12 years, initially setting and operating his business in terms of defense system delivery, IT/Automation project developments and also lecturing. Dr Lee has taught and given talks to universities in Ho Chi Minh City. His company is the industry partner of an university in Hanoi.

Laterly Dr Lee has also migrated to Vietnam after his marriage to his current wife. Living, setting up and operating businesses in Vietnam qualify Lee to teach the modules mentioned above as well giving life coaching to you if you wish to reside in Vietnam, marry in Vietnam, set up business in Vietnam ..... to help you phase into Vietnam life style and overcome the challenges facing.

Singapore in Vietnam Singapore Friends CN2 Bùi Viện Twelve - Cơm Gà Hải Nam Singapore Singaporeans and Friends in Sai Gon Sing Việt



@超级粉丝 ST Engineering SP - School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering Eastern International University NCS Group Maritime Industry Authority Twelve - Cơm Gà Hải Nam Singapore Global Maritime Services Co., Ltd. - Vietnam

Global Mini MBA for Entrepreneurs, Leaders and Managers, Đào tạo MBA, PHD và International Leadership Program năm 2025 học tại Việt Nam và nước ngoài, Chương trình Global Mini MBA cho Doanh nhân, Lãnh đạo, Quản lý, là một cơ hội ....

13/03/2026

[Can Ballastic Missile be Detected?] Before we discuss the details, we shall look at the missile projectile phases......

1. The Very Early Warning phase (Boost)
Technically, with over the horizon radar and/or satellite detection, the missile should have been picked up during this phase. This provides an important cue to the GBAD radar.

2. The Middle Course phase
The warhead is separated from the rocket body and cruises through the space/air.... a very long journey. This war head can go as fast as >20 Mach!!! GBAD radars transmit pulses of energy to pick up the target (based on the cue from OTHR or Satellite IR), GBAD radars measure the warhead's position, speed and trajectory (with tracking). In the flight path, the warhead gives decoys too, with environment conditions maybe like clouds or rain...... distinguishing this small target in harsh environment with jamming is very sophiscated and needs very good small target detection, anti-decoy, correlation.... modulation, multiplexing...... technques....

Now the issue...... GBAD may be able to detect the warhead, but can it fires an interceptor missile to take it down accurately???

3. The Last Phase
This is the final few seconds of flight when the warhead re-enters the atmosphere and it is now traveling at hypersonic speed..... and there will be an ionized air around it! This is a fire-control proble,,,, very high resolution radar is needed, the engagement is only several seconds. To kill or not to kill?? if the commander is still pondering, you are to be killed! The defensive missile must launch and collide with the incoming warhead head-on, with closing speeds approaching 20+ Mach!!!

Conclusion:::
Technically, a radar can detect the ICBM which is about the size of a school bus traveling 10 times faster than a rifle bullet from a distance of 4500+ km away. The problem isn't seeing it—it's shooting it down!!!

@超级粉丝 Republic of Singapore Navy ST Engineering The Republic of Singapore Air Force Học viện Kỹ thuật quân sự (MTA) Học viện Hàng không Việt Nam SP - School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering

09/03/2026

[Dr Lee's Academia Page..] is the depository where he shares his papers, presentation slides, course notes, reports and students' project reports since he started to professional engineer and academic journey. The page is now top 1% among all the users worldwide.

Sharing is for all, you may read and download for further reference without information Dr Lee, although a "thank you" message is always appreciated.

https://karhenglee.academia.edu/
TThe Republic of Singapore Air ForceSSP - School of Electrical & Electronic EngineeringHHọc viện Kỹ thuật quân sự (MTA)HHọc viện Hàng không Việt NamUUniversity of Engineering and Technology, Vietnam National University HanoiIIEEE Vietnam sectionIIEEE Singapore Section - Education Chapter@@ of Singapore NavySST Engineering

https://karhenglee.academia.edu