31/05/2026
Biofilms are not simple layers of bacteria.
They develop complex internal structures with different survival zones inside them.
Research shows that:
• Some bacteria start the biofilm
• Pathogens like Listeria may later settle deep inside it
These inner layers are far more protected from cleaning and sanitising.
This is one reason recurring Listeria contamination can become so difficult to eliminate.
If the biofilm survives…
👉 The pathogen may survive too.